Effects Of Combined Application Of P,K And Additive On Growth And Nutrient Utilization Of Wheat,Maize And Chinese Cabbage

Phosphorus?P?and potassium?K?are the key elements affecting the whole growth period of the crops,which participate in the synthesis and physiological metabolism of many compounds in crops.Due to the effects of soil adsorption,precipitation,biological fixation and leaching,the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the current season is only 5%²0%and 40%⁴5%,which results in waste of resources and environmental pollution.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the effectiveness of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,especially phosphorus fertilizers.It is an important measure to improve the utilization rate,crop yield and quality of rational application of new high-efficiency phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.Activators such as Holmes-acid,zeolite powder,bentonite,sepiolite and diatomite can improve the effectiveness of phosphate and potassium fertilizer and reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients in soil.In this study,phosphorus fertilizer,potassium fertilizer and phosphorus activator were mixed according to different proportions and ground fine.After sieving through 60 meshes,10 new types of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were developed,including phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-salt fertilizer,phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer,phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite coated fertilizer.In order to provide theoretical and technical support for the production of new phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,the effects of wheat-maize rotation and Chinese cabbage application on crop yield and quality were studied.The main results are as follows:?1?Compared with NPK treatment,the yield of wheat increased by 6.59%¹8.61%with an average increase of 14.16%.The utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 10.87percentage points on average,and the treatment of phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-sepiolite fertilizer had the highest phosphorus utilization ratio.Value-added phosphorus and potassium coated fertilizer had no effect on increasing wheat yield.Compared with the conventional fertilization of NPK,phosphorus and potassium-humic acid fertilizer,phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-sepiolite fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer significantly increased the grain number per ear of Maize by 7.21%,5.79%and 9.50%,respectively.The yield of maize increased by-0.22%¹5.58%and 6.76%on average,and the yield of maize treated with phosphorus-potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer was the highest,which was significantly different from that treated with conventional fertilization of NPK.Compared with conventional fertilization of NPK,phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer treatment significantly increased the phosphorus uptake of maize,while other treatments had no significant difference in phosphorus uptake.Value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus and available potassium content in the later stage of crop growth.The soil available phosphorus content of fine treatment at the wheat harvest stage was higher.Phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-sepiolite fertilizer,phosphorus and potassium-zeolite-sepiolite fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer significantly increased by 26.54%,22.88%and 20.95%compared with NPK,respectively.Compared with NPK treatment,the available phosphorus content of soil in milky and harvest stages of maize increased by 10.76%⁴0.18%and 18.92%⁴1.21%,respectively,with significant differences.The treatment of Value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had little effect on the content of exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in soil.Compared with the conventional fertilization of NPK,the annual income of wheat-maize treated with phosphorus and potassium-activator fertilizer increased by2207.50⁴886.70 yuan�hm^-2 and 1823.37⁴247.16 yuan/hm².Among them,the annual income of phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-sepiolite fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite fertilizer was higher,reaching 39510.70 yuan�hm^-2 and40155.2 yuan�hm^-2,which was higher than that of NPK.Conventional fertilization increased by 13.03%and 14.32%respectively.?2?The Value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased the Chinese cabbage yield by 3.48%¹0.53%.Compared with the control,the utilization efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased by 35.74%¹84.79%and 7.65%⁶2.07%,respectively.Among them,phosphorus reduction phosphorus-potassium-humic acid fertilizer increased 21.46%phosphorus accumulation and 12.99%potassium accumulation of Chinese cabbage.The content of Vc and soluble solids increased by 9.72%and 18.53%,respectively.Soil available phosphorus content increased by 17.55%,available potassium content increased by 14.98%,net income increased by 11.42%,and the difference was significant.Not only could phosphorus reduction phosphorus-potassium-humic acid fertilizer treatment reduces the amount of phosphorus fertilizer,but also ensured the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.?3?Compared with the conventional fertilization of NPK,the total amount of phosphorus leaching increased by 2.36%².70%and the total amount of potassium leaching decreased by3.63%³.88%of the treatment with value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.The total amount of water-soluble calcium leaching decreased by 11.43%¹3.99%,while the total amount of phosphorus leaching decreased by 9.61%,potassium leaching by 9.73%,and water-soluble calcium leaching by 9.73%.It was 17.22%lower of the treatment with value-added phosphorus and potassium coated fertilizer,and the difference was significant.The amount of nutrient leaching of value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was less in the early stage of leaching,but increased significantly in the middle and late stage of leaching,indicating that value-added phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had a certain slow-release effect on nutrients in fertilizers.