Study On Mechanisms Of Different Tillage Methods To Alleviate Continuous Cropping Obstacles Of Peanut

The field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Experimental Station of Southern Campus of Shandong Agricultural University from 2017 to 2018,and the laboratory experiment was conducted in the Science and Technology Innovation Building of Shandong Agricultural University in 2018.The experimental material was "Shanhua 108",an early-maturing peanut variety.Six treatments were set up in the experiment.Each treatment was repeated three times.After harvesting spring peanuts,different tillage methods were adopted: tillage and air the soil before winter,tillage the land before planting peanuts,then plant peanuts(PTNM),tillage and air the soil before winter,tillage the land before planting peanuts,then mulch and plant peanuts(PTMF),winter wheat as green manure,then press green manure before planting peanuts,then plant peanuts(STNM),winter wheat as green manure,and then press green manure before planting peanuts,then,mulch and plant peanuts(STMF),no-tillage land before winter,tillage land before peanut sowing,and then plant peanut(NTNM);no-tillage land before winter,tillage land before peanut sowing,and then mulch and plant peanuts(NTMF).By studying the effects of different tillage methods on physiological characteristics,yield and soil physical and chemical properties of peanut sequential cropping,the effective ways to alleviate the obstacles of peanut sequential cropping were explored.The main results are as follows:1.Effects of different tillage methods on physical and chemical properties of sequential cropping peanut soilCompared with no-tillage before winter,green manure pressing,tillage before winter and film mulching can improve the physical and chemical properties of 0-30 cm ploughed soil,reduce the bulk density of sequential cropping peanut soil,increase soil porosity and soil water content.Compared with tillage before winter,green manure pressing and film mulching increased the soil temperature at the early growth stage of peanut,and green manure pressing and film mulching also decreased the soil temperature at high temperature;increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter content,and increased carbon and nitrogen content in large size aggregates.The effect of green manure pressing on soil physical and chemical properties of sequential cropping peanut was the most obvious,followed by plastic film mulching andtillage before winter.2.Effects of different tillage methods on soil microenvironment of sequential cropping peanutCompared with no-tillage before winter,green manure pressing,tillage before winter and film mulching can improve soil microenvironment,increase the content of soil aggregates larger than 2 mm in 0-20 cm ploughed soil,reduce the content of microaggregates smaller than 0.25 mm in diameter,increase the number of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria,promote the decomposition of organic matter in soil,and green manure pressing and tillage before winter can also reduce the number of harmful microorganisms such as fungi.Comprehensively,the effect of green manure on Soil Microenvironment improvement of sequential cropping peanut was the most obvious,followed by tillage before winter and film mulching.3.Effects of different tillage ways on physiological characteristics of sequential cropping peanutCompared with no-tillage before winter,green manure pressing,tillage before winter and film mulching could promote dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of continuous cropping peanut leaves at different growth stages,and improve photosynthetic performance of peanut leaves.Comprehensively,the effect of green manure on improving physiological characteristics of sequential cropping peanut was the most obvious,followed by film mulching and tillage before winter.4.Effect of different tillage ways on peanut yield in sequential croppingCompared with no-tillage before winter,green manure pressing,tillage before winter and film mulching can increase peanut yield.The main reason for increasing peanut yield is to increase the yield of kernels and the number of fruit per plant,and reduce the number of kilograms of fruit and rotting rate of sequential cropping peanut.Comprehensively,the effect of green manure pressing on peanut yield was the most obvious,followed by film mulching and tillage before winter.