Effects Of Organic Matter Applied In Pores On Soil Properties And Root And Shoot Growth In Apple Root Zone

Corn straw and sawdust are organic materials that can improve the soil environment.Organic materials are usually crushed and applied to the soil in fruit tree production by means of trenching and digging caves.Holes into soil can improve soil breathability,this study combines soil vertical holes and organic application,drilling 50cm deep and 15cm diameter vertical holes in the erown,filling the chopped corn straw or sawdust into the hole,and then inserting the corn straw vertically into the hole,and applying the same and same amount of fertilizer to investigate the effects of organic pore application on soil moisture and nutrient distribution and migration in the upper layer(0-20cm),Middle(20-40cm)and lower layers(40-60cm)of fertilization holes,and to analyze the growth and development,root traits and distribution of apple plants,and the results showed that:1.In the "shredded corn straw evenly mixed soil fills the hole(Y1)","The chopped corn straw is filled into the bottom of the hole and then filled with soil(Y2)","Chopped corn straw mixed soil filled with holes and corn straw inserted into the bottom of the fertilization hole and exposed the soil surface 5 cm(Y3)" Three treatments as well as borehole backfill treatment(CK1)and acupoint application of organic matter(CK2),The lower soil of Y2 treatment had the highest relative water content and the Y3 treatment was the highest in the middle and lower layers.CK2 maintained the soil moisture in the middle and upper layers and the downward diffusion was less and slower.CK1 was superior to CK2 in water diffusion and retention.In different soil layers,the temperature in the hole is higher than the hole edge temperature,in the same soil layer,whether in the hole or the hole edge,the pore application of corn straw treatment(Y1,Y2,Y3)all improve the soil temperature,Y3 treatment effect is the best.2.In the "sawdust and soil mixing after filling the hole treatment(J1)","sawdust filled to the bottom of the hole and then filled with soil filling treatment(J2)","sawdust and soil mixing hole and insert corn straw treatment(J3)" three treatment as well as drilling backfill treatment(CK1)and acupoint application of organic matter(CK2),The treatment of J2 and J3 significantly increased the relative water content of the lower soil,and the vertical insertion of corn straw(J3)in the hole allowed most of the moisture to spread rapidly to the lower soil level and to maintain soil moisture for a long time.In the treatment and control,J3 treated the highest soil pelagic temperature,J2 treatment of the lower soil temperature is the highest.3.Compared with the pore application of organic fertilizer treatment(CK1),the organic matter content,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of the pore application of corn straw treatment(Y1,Y2,Y3)increased,Y3 significantly increased the content of organic matter in upper and lower soil,and the highest total nitrogen content in the middle and middle soil of Y3 treatment was the highest.The Y3 treatment has the best effect on the increase of total phosphorus content in each soil layer,and the Y1 increases the total potassium of the middle and lower layer soil.The content of available nitrogen in each soil layer4.The pore application of sawdust treatment(J1,J2,J3)can significantly increase the content of organic matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil,J3 treatment significantly increase the content of upper and middle soil organic matter,J2 treatment significantly increase the content of soil organic matter in the lower layer,the highest content of total nitrogen in the upper soil treated by J2,the highest available nitrogen content in the lower soil.The total phosphorus content of soil in J1 and J3 was higher than that of J2 treatment,and the content of available phosphorus and total potassium in the middle and lower layer of soil was the best under J2 treatment,while the content of available potassium in the lower level was the best under J3 treatment.5.The treatments of Y1,Y2 and Y3 significantly increased the fresh weight and dry weight of roots root surface area and root tip number increased the length and thickness of new shoots and chlorophyll content and increased the number of flower buds and the number of medium and short branches.Among them Y3 treatment was the most effective.Significantly;the root length density of CK1 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK2 and the length and thickness of new shoots were also higher than that of CK2.6.The treatment of J1,J2 and J3 significantly improved the fresh weight and root dry weight of apple root,the surface area and root tip number,the length and roughness of new shoots,the number of flower buds and the number of middle and short branches,among which J3 treatment increased the root length density of the lower soil.7.From the comprehensive effects of treatment on soil water diffusion and temperature rise,changes of soil organic matter and nutrient content,apple root system and new tip development,flower bud and branch composition,the effect of the pore application of corn straw treatments is better than that of the pore application of sawdust treatments,and the effect of vertical insertion of corn straw is the best.