| Corythucha ciliate,as an exotic invasive pest,originally native to the United States and Canada,is highly adaptable due to its strong adaptability after invasion,and is now widely distributed in various continents outside Antarctica.Platanus is the only host plant of it.The insect poses a serious hazard to Platanus in China.Can non-host plants effectively control the insect? Focuseing on this issues a series of studies were gone on in this article.The result not only help to find the attractive or repellent but also provide basic theoretical information for constructing the “push-pull” model by rationally planting non-host plants.In short it will provide new ideas for green control of the insect.The results are as follows:1.Single-scent source olfactory selection of 27 plants' volatiles of the adults of Corythucha ciliateWhen compared with clean air,the leaves' volatiles of 13 non-host plants such as Ginkgo biloba,Paeonia suffruticosa,Salix babylonica,Diospyros kaki,Chaenomeles speciose,Prunus yedoensis,Swida alba,Acer truncatum,Sophora japonica,Koelreuteria paniculate,Euonymus japonicus,Magnolia grandiflora and Ligustrum lucidumginkgo show no obvious repellent or attracting effect on the adult.And the leaves' volatiles of seven non-host plants such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Liquidambar formosana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Populus tomentosa,Chaenomeles sinensis,Liriodendron chinense,Fraxinus chinensis show obviously attraction,which is similar as the effect of Platanus occidentalis'.The leaves' volatiles of others non-host plants such as Cedrus deodara,Pinus armandii,Pinus bungeana,Sabina chinensis,Punica granatumand Cotinus coggygria show obvious repellent effects on the adults.2.Dual-scent source olfactory selection of non-host plants' volatiles of the adults of Corythucha ciliateWhen the volatiles of Platanus occidentalis is used as a control,the adults choice between the volatiles of non-host plants(such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Liquidambar formosana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Populus tomentosa,Chaenomeles sinensis,Liriodendron chinense,Fraxinus chinensis)and Platanus occidentalis have no significant difference.3.Survive effects of crude extracts from non-host plants on the adults of Corythucha ciliateThe crude extracts from seven non-host plants of Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Liquidambar formosana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Populus tomentosa,Chaenomeles sinensis,Liriodendron chinense,Fraxinus chinensis,and the host plant(Platanus occidentalis),were fed to the 1-day-old adult.The results showed that the survival status of the adult fed by the crude extract of Platanus occidentalis was significantly better than that fed with other plant crude extracts.The survival status of the adults fed by the crude extracts of the seven non-host plants was lower than that of the water-fed test.The non-host plants' extract has a certain poisoning effect on the adults,and the crude extract of Populus tomentosa has the greatest poisoning effect on the adults.4.Selection effects of crude extracts from non-host plants on the adults of Corythucha ciliateThe extracts of seven species of non-host plants,such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Liquidambar formosana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Populus tomentosa,Chaenomeles sinensis,Liriodendron chinense,Fraxinus chinensis,were used to test the the selection behavior of the adults.The results showed that the seven non-host plants' crude extracts(concentration of 100%)had a great repellent effect on the adults.With the decrease of concentration,Four non-host plants'(Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Populus tomentosa,Chaenomeles sinensis,Liriodendron chinense)repellent effects are on a downward trend.The extracts of the Liquidambar formosana showed significant repellent effects at concentrations of 100%,75% and 25%.While the concentration was 50%,the repellent effect is not significant.As for Fraxinus chinensis,an obviously repellent effect was showed when the concentration was 100%,50% and 25%,and the repellent effect was not significant when the concentration was 75%.When it comes to Broussonetia papyrifera,all four concentrations show an obviously repellent effect.5.Learning behaviors of leaves' volatiles from non-host plants to the adults of Corythucha ciliateAfter 8h experience of the smell of Cedrus deodara,Pinus armandii,Pinus bungeana,Sabina chinensis,Punica granatum and Cotinus coggygria.Adults' choice of these non-host plants has improved.And the difference has disappeared compared to the choice of air.This indicates that certain experiences will cause habitual reaction to Corythucha ciliate.And the habitual reaction will affect their later olfactory selection.6.The sustained effect of learning and memory of leaves' volatiles from non-host plants to the adults of Corythucha ciliateThe adults have a certain persistence in the olfactory learning and memory of plant volatiles.After the odor source is removed,the selection behavior of the adults will still be affected within a certain period of time.After the learning experience for 8h,the odor source was removed for 6h or 12 h.And then we found that although the trend of the adults' choice of six non-host plants' volatiles was decreased,it was still higher than the adults' choice which have no experience. |
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