| China is a large agricultural country which produces more than 700 million ton agricultural waste-straw annually.It became a serious challenge that how to deal with these waste-straw efficiently and comprehensively.Biochar is highly aromatic,poorly soluble,low-density carbonated solid material produced from crop straw with pyrolysis(350-750 ?)in the conditions of complete or partial hypoxia.Biochar could be an efficient way to deal with crop straw,biochar can hold nutients by its rich pores structure and functional groups.Therefore,biochar-based fertilizer has the potential to increase nutrient use efficiency,and improve both crop yield and quality.In this study,different ratios of biochar and chemichal fertilizer were set as different treatments for rice and maize seedling pot experiment and field test to analyse the effect of biochar based fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice and maize.The main findings were as follows:1?Effect of biochar based fertilizer on rice growth.A pot experiment was conducted and 6 treatments were set which include CK:No fertilizer;biochar based fertilizer treatments,the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O are 15:15:10(RBF1);20:15:5(RBF2);15:15:10(RBF3,first generation of biochar based fertilizer);20:10:10(RBF4);compound fertilizer(RCF,N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15).The fertilizers were applied at the rate of 600 kg/hm2 as the base fertilizer,no top dressing.The results showed that:Compared to RCF,the growth quality and total nitrogen content of rice were increased by 8.56%and 20.60%in RBF2 treatment,in the meantime,the nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 26.19%,and the total nitrogen content of the soil was increased by 14.51%compared with that of the commercial compound fertilizer(RCF).2.Effect of biochar based fertilizer on maize growth.A pot experiment was conducted and 7 treatments were set which include CK No fertilizer;biochar based fertilizer treatments,the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O are 20:10:10(MBF1);15:15:10(MBF2,raw material contains ammonium dihydrogen phosphate);15:15:10(MBF3,raw materials contains diammonium phosphate);20:15:5(MBF4);15:15:10(MBF5,first generation of biochar based fertilizer);compound fertilizer(MCF,N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15).The fertilizers were applied at the rate of 600 kg/hm2 as the base fertilizer,no top dressing.The results showed that the growth quality of MBF1 was increased by 43.54%compared with that of commercial compound fertilizer(MCF).The total nitrogen content of maize was increased by 11.67%and the utilization rate of nitrogen was 7.36%,while the total soil nitrogen content than the commercial compound fertilizer increased by 8.90%.3.The results of rice field test showed that the yield of biochar based fertilizer(RBF)was higher than that of conventional fertilization(RCF)39.41%,and the yield components of rice were higher than that of conventional fertilization(RCF),among which,grian mumber per spik and 1000-grain weight of rice were improved 25.51%.8.44%,the growth traits of rice also higher than that of conventional fertilization(RCF),tiller number was improved 29.87%,spike length and spike weight were higher 12.48%?24.17%than that of conventional fertilization(RCF).The partial productivity of N,P and K treated by biochar based fertilizer(RBF)was 26.60%,26.35%and 8.38%higher than that of conventional fertilization(RCF).4.The results of maize field test showed that yield of biochar based fertilizer(RBF)was higher than that of conventional fertilization(MBF)4.54%,and the yield components of the maize was higher 5.53%than that of conventional fertilization(MCF),among which,ear length of maize(MBF)was 3.69%higher than that of conventional fertilization(MCF).The growth traits of biochar based fertilizer(MBF)of mazie were improved,stem diameter of maize was improved 5.26%,the spike length and spike weight of mazie were improved 3.69%?5.76%.The partial productivity of N and P treated by MBF was 12.39%and 3.44%higher than that of conventional fertilization(MCF). |
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