Analysis Of Volatile Compounds In Lotus Petal Of Different Varieties

Lotus(Nelumbo nuciferra),a herbage of genus nelumbium,family Nelumbonaceae,is perennial aquatic herb flowers.It is one of Chinese top ten flowers,and it has great economic,ecological,ornamental and edible value.The fragrance of lotus is unique,rich or elegant.Different varieties has different fragrance.The aroma of lotus is unique,however,there are few reports on the study and utilization of volatile components in lotus.Although researchers have identified a few volatile substances of some lotus varieties,the analysis of the lotus species is less,so it can not cover the lotus varieties.What are made from the active ingredientd of lotus petals include shampoo,skin care products and lotus tea,and there are few reports of development and utilization of volatile substances in lotus.By the lotus petals to make raw materials into products containing only lotus active ingredients of shampoo,skin care products and tea.In view of this,in this study,20 speciesof lotus petals as the test material,through the analysis of volatile substances of SPME-GC-MS,we identify the content and type of volatile substances in lotus,and analyze the differences of volatile species and contents among different varieties.On the other hand,the using of cluster analysis and discriminant analysis can analyze the aroa components of the lotus.It can provide the basis for the subsequent study,and provide the foundation for selecting lotus cultivars with good ornamental effect and unique fragrance.1 Analysis of volatile components in petalsIn this study,20 varieties of lotus as the test materials,that provided by Jiangsu province Nanjing yilianyuan company,including 'Dasajin'?'Zhufeng Cuiying'?'Yixianlian'?'Moling Qiuse'?'39-1'?'Boli Furen'?'ziyehua'?'Hongtailian'?'Aijiangnan'?'Zhongguohong Beijing'?'27-1'?'Jintaiyang'?'16-A9-44'?'16-A9-49'?'16-A9-55'?'Jiaxianlian'?'16-A10-30'?'16-A10-1'?'Zhongguohong Jinggangshan' and '16-A10-27'.The lotus was collected in the early morning 5:30-6:00,the samples were collected in the lotus flower petals.We use SPME-GC-MS to analyze volatile components and types in lotus.The results are as follows:We detected 69 kinds of volatiles in 20 lotus cultivars,including 18 kinds of alkanes?24 kinds of alkenes?8 kinds of alcohols?6 kinds of esters?2 kinds of ketones?2 kinds of aldehydes?2 kinds of amines?2 kinds of acids and 5 kinds of other materials.In these compounds,the kinds and contents of alkanes and alkanes are the most,followed by alcohols,esters,ketones and aldehydes,that are detected in only one or several kinds of lotus.The total volatile substances of 20 lotus cultivars include 45.03%alkanes?alkenes accounted for 35.60%?alcohols accounted for 10.86%?esters accounted for 5.16%?aldehydes ketones accounted for 0.45%,and other substances accounted for 6.89%.Among them,the relative content of alkane compounds was the highest,followed by alkenes and alcohols,ketones and aldehydes were the lowest.2 Comparison of volatile components in different varieties of lotus petalsThe kinds and contents of volatile components is different in different lotus,which contains the highest relative content of volatile substances is '16-A10-30',accounting for 7.56%;followed by '16-A10-1',accounting for 7.18%;the relative content of volatiles in'Moling Qiuse' is the least,only 2.32%.We detected 25 kinds of volatile components in'Dasajin',which is the most;The second is 'Moling Qiuse' and '16-A10-1',19 kinds of volatile substances was detected in them;at least,'16-A10-30' is only detected 12 kinds of volatile substances.The kinds and content of alkane volatile substances is the most in'Zhufeng Cuiying',what is the least in 'Hongtailian'.But the types and contents of alkenes is higher in 'Hongtailian' than others.3 Cluster and discriminant analysis of volatile components in lotus petalsWe use cluster and discriminant analysis to analyze the 69 kinds of volatile Compounds,which divide these lotus cultivars into three clustes:A?B and C.Cluster A consists of 'Jiaxianlian'?'Zhongguohong Jinggangshan'?'Dasajin'?'16-A9-49'?'Zhufeng Cuiying'?'Jintaiyang'?'16-A9-55'?'27-1'?'Ziyehua'?'Aijingnan'?'16-A10-1'?'Yixiannlian' and 'Moling Qiuse';Cluster B is made up of '39-1'?'16-A10-30'?'16-A10-27'?'Boli Furen'?'16-A9-44' and 'Zhongguohong Beijing';Cluster C only consists of 'Hongtailian'.Alkanes,alkenes,alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,esters and amine are detected in Cluster A,and the kinds of alkanes is similar with the Cluster B,but the content is as well as Cluster B.Olefinsa is less in Cluster B,and the kinds and content in Cluster C are the least.4 Cluster and discriminant analysis of Aroma components in lotus petalsThere are 42 types of aroma components in 69 kinds of volatile components in lotus,including alkenes,alcohols,esters,ketones and aldehydes.We use cluster and discriminant analysis to analyze the 42 kinds of aroma compounds,and 20 lotus cultivars are divided into three clustes:D,E and F.Cluster D consisting of 'Jiaxianlian'?'Zhongguohong Jinggangshan','Dasajin'?16-A9-49'?'Jintaiyang'?16-A9-55'?'16-A10-1'?'Boli Furen'and 'Zhongguohong Beijing' is with the scent of lilacs and the scent of trees.Cluster E,which is made up of '39-1'?'16-A10-30'?'27-1'?'16-A9-44' and 'Zhufeng Cuiying',is with the scent of fresh aroma.Cluster F which consists of 'Yixianlian'?'Aijingnan'?'Ziyehua'?'16-A10-27'?'Moling Qiuse' and 'Hongtailian',is with the scent of slightly spicy pepper aroma.