| The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium-butyricum,Bacillus licheniformis,Clostridium-butyrium and Bacillus licheniformis compound bacteria in beijing duck on the production performance,the serum biochemical index,immune function,intestinal morphology,cecal microflora,slaughter performance,meat quality,intestinal structure in order to compare of the use of Bacillus compound,Bacillus alone and Bacitracin zinc,provide theoretical basis and application consult for applying Bacillus feed to Beij ing duck.A total of 300 one-day-old Beijing ducks were randomly allocated to five groups(the control group?groups ???????),each of which inclued 6 replicates of 10 ducks.The control groups were only fed a basal diet with the groups ??????? were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg Bacitracin zinc,5×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum,1×109 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis,5×108CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum+1×109 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis.The experiment lasted for 42 days,it was divided into two stage(1-21 d and 22-42 d).The results were shown as follows:(1)Production performance:the average daily gain in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control during 1-21 d,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the average daily feed and feed/gain ratio.the average daily gain in group ? was higher than the control during 22-42 d(P<0.05),feed/gain ratio was significantly lower(P<0.01)than the control.the average daily gain in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control during 1-42 d,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the average daily feed and feed/gain ratio.(2)Serum biochemical and immune indexes: At 21 d,there were no significant difference among(P>0.05)all groups in the serum TP?ALB and UREA,the serum Ig A?Ig G?complement C3?C4 in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control.At 42 d,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the serum TP?ALB?UREA and Ig M,the serum Ig A?Ig G in group ??????? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,the complement C3 in group? was higher(P<0.05)than the control.(3)Number of immune organs:At 21 d,thymus index in group ??????? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,spleen index in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in busal index.At 42 d,thymus index in group ????? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,spleen index in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in busal index.(4)Intestinal morphology:At 21 d,duodenal villus height in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the crypt depth?the mucosal thickness?the VH/CD ratio.The jejunum villus height in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control;the VH/CD ratio in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control;there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the crypt depth?the mucosal thickness.The ileum crypt depth in group ? was lower(P<0.05)than the control;the VH/CD ratio in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control and group ?;there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the villus height?the mucosal thickness.At 42 d,duodenal villus height in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,the VH/CD ratio in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control and group ?,there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the crypt depth?the mucosal thickness.The jejunum villus height in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control;the crypt depth in group ????? was lower(P<0.05)than the control and group ?;the VH/CD ratio in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control and group ?;there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the mucosal thickness.the ileum villus height and mucosal thickness were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups;In group ???????,the crypt depth was lower(P<0.05)than the control,the VH/CD ratio was higher(P<0.05)than the control.(5)Cecal microflora:the Observd-species index?Shannon index?Chao1 index in group ? were higher than the control,but there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups.the test groups in cecal microflora had higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria?Bacteroidetes and Facecalibacterium and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes?Clostridium.(6)Slaughter performance:there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in the dressed percentage?semi eviscerated percentage?eviscerated percentage;the breast muscle rate in group ????? was higher(P<0.05)than the control;the leg musc-le rate in group ? was highest(P<0.05)than other groups,but there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups.(7)Meat quality:the breast muscle redness(a* value)in group ??????? was higher(P<0.05)than the control,group ? was highest(P<0.05)than other groups,the breast muscle yellowing(b* value)in group ? was higher(P<0.05)than the control and group ?;the leg muscle redness(a* value)in group ??? was higher(P<0.05)than the control;there were no significant difference(P>0.05)among all groups in breast and leg muscle brightness(L* value)?p H?shear force.In conclusion,adding Bacillus compound in diet can increase the growth performance,immunologic function,improve slaughter performance,intestinal mucosa morphological structure and intestinal microflora,and the effect of 5×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricm+ 1×109 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis adding group was better than Bacillus alone addinggroup and Bacitracin Zinc adding group,it can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in meat duck farming. |
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