| Reasonable planting methods could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,increase maize yield and enhance the international competitiveness of maize.In this experiment,two kinds of maize Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted in three kind of planting method which are continuous cropping,rotation,deep ploughing and straw returning.By comparing the physical and chemical properties of soil,the growth and development of root system and ground growth of maize under different planting modes,we want to select out the suitable planting mothod for Heilongjiang province.The main results are as follows:In April,July and October,rotation planting of Nendan 19 could significantly increase soil water content,and the maximum values were 14.82%,13.08%and 18.00%respectively.In April,July and October,rotation planting of Liangyu 58 could significantly increase soil water content,and the maximum values were 14.82%,12.36%and 14.62%respectively.Under the same planting method,soil water content of Nendan 19 was significantly higher than Liangyu 58.Soil bulk density,porosity and soil aggregate structure had no significant relationship with planting patterns.Deep ploughing and straw returning could significantly increase soil total nitrogen content.The soil total nitrogen was the highest in October when Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted by deep ploughing,which was 1.01 g/kg and 0.98 g/kg,respectively.Total phosphorus content of soil was not affected by continuous cropping,rotation and deep ploughing and straw returning.Rotation planting can significantly improve soil electrical conductivity and increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted continuously,the electrical conductivity reached the maximum values of 0.16 and 0.11 S/m.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted continuously,the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen reached the maximum values of 59.35 and 83.34 ppm.Deep ploughing could significantly improve soil alkalinity.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted in deep ploughing,the lowest pH values were 6.96 and 7.01,respectively.Deep ploughing could significantly increase the activities of soil catalase,sucrose invertase,urease and cellulase compared with continuous cropping and rotation.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted in deep ploughing field,the maximum catalase activities were 20.14 and 18.78 mol/d/g,respectively.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted in deep ploughing field,the activities of invertase in soil reached the maximum values of 2.40 and 2.28 mg/d/g,respectively.When Nendan 19 and Liangyu 58 were planted in deep ploughing,the Soil Urease Activities reached the maximum values of 33.86 and 54.76 g/d/g,respectively.The root growth index of maize was not significantly affected by continuous cropping,rotation and deep ploughing.Deep ploughing could improve the plant height of Nendan 19,which was significantly higher than that of continuous cropping and rotation maize,and the maximum plant height could reach 289 cm.However,the length of the 1st,2nd and 3rd segments of maize stem was not significantly affected by continuous cropping,rotation and deep ploughing.Compared with continuous cropping,rotation and deep ploughing could significantly increase photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Maize at jointing and silking stages.Deep ploughing and returning to the field could significantly increase the ear length,grain number per row and yield of maize,while rotation could significantly increase the 100-grain weight of maize.The maximum yield was 10379.5 kg when deep ploughing was planted with Nendan 19,and 9645.0 kg when Liangyu 58 was planted with deep ploughing.It is more suitable for maize production in Heilongjiang to plant Nendan 19 in deep ploughing and returning fields.It can obtain the highest soil total nitrogen,the lowest soil pH,the highest soil catalase,sucrose invertase,urease activity,the largest maize plant height,the largest photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and the highest yield per unit area. |
PDF Full Text Request