The Effect Of Sodium Butyrate Supplement On Lipid Metabolism Of Mother And Offspring

Maternal nutrition has a close relationship with offspring' development.Crude fiber showed many positive effects including increasing litter size,promoting milk production,improving survival rate et al.on animal production.The studies showed that crude fiber acted mainly by producing short chain fatty acids after intestinal fermentation.Butyric acid has the strongest nutritional effect,so there are many reports about the beneficial effects of butyric acid.Butyric acid is volatile,and is widely used in the form of sodium butyrate(SB).Regarding to published reports,SB can improve intestinal function,provide energy,and participate in lipid metabolism.Although there are many reports about the effects of butyric acid on lipid metabolism,there are still controversies.In addition,there is little research about the influence of maternal SB on offspring' lipid metabolism and the involved mechanism is rarely reported.Therefore,this study is to understand the effects of adding sodium butyrate on the metabolism of mother and offspring in gestational and lactation period and to illustrate the underlying mechanisms.1 The effect of sodium butyrate supplementing on maternal and fetal liver lipid metabolism during pregnancy periodMaternal SB participates in lipid metabolism through different pathways,understanding the relationship between maternal nutrition and fetal development is critical for fetal growth.In our experiment,primiparous female SD rats were selected and randomly allocated into two groups,the control group(CON),1%SB group(SB).Tissue and blood were sampled at the embryonic day 18.5.In mother liver,the oil O staining showed the lipid droplets reduced significantly,in addition the content of total triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(Tch)decreased obviously after maternal SB treatment(P<0.05).Non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)in mother plasma increased significantly after maternal SB treatment(P<0.05).In fetus liver,the oil O staining showed the lipid droplets increased slightly in SB group,while the content of TG and Tch in SB group showed a significant increase(P<0.05).In mother liver,the protein expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43(GPR43)and downstream molecular phosphorylated proteinkinase A(p-PKA)(Thrl97)increased significantly(P<0.05),together with the higher expression of adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)and phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase(p-HSL)(Ser855)(P<0.05).Proteins related to lipogeneis including acetyl-COA carboxylase(ACC),long-chain acyl-COA synthetase(ACSL1)and acyl-COA synthetase(ACSS1)showed no alterations in either maternal or fetal liver.The content of fatty acids transport proteins(FATP1)and fatty acid translocase(CD36)in placenta and fetal liver showed higher expression compared to CON group(P<0.05).All the data elucidate that fat decomposition were promoted after treatment of maternal SB treatment during pregnancy period,and the serum level of NEFA increased in mother.The higher protein expression involved in fatty acids uptake in both placenta and fetal liver lead to fat deposition in fetal liver.2 Sodium butyrate supplement during pregnancy and lactation promotes lipolysis of adipose tissue and resulting in lipid accumulation in liver of weaning ratsIn our experiment,pregnant SD rats were signed randomly into two groups,CON group fed with normal diet and SB group fed with 1%SB diet.The duration of experiment was pregnancy and lactation;we sampled blood and tissue from mother and weaning rats.Our results showed that maternal SB could improve the level of NEFA in mother and weaning rats' serum,meanwhile,the plasma level of Tch in offspring was enhanced obviously(P<0.05).After SB treatment,the content of GPR43,p-PKA,ATGL and HSL in mother adipose tissues were markedly increased in protein level(P<0.05).However,maternal SB almost showed no influences on proteins related to lipid synthesis incuding ACSS1,ACSL1 and stearoyl-COA desaturase(SCD).TG was obviously increased in the liver of weaning rats,it may correlate with high protein level of FABP1 and CD36 in weaning rats' liver(P<0.05).Furthermore,in weaning rats' liver,Tch and the protein expression of low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)was increased(P<0.05).All the data demonstrate that maternal SB supply through pregnancy and the lactation can enhance mother fat decomposition,furthermore,promotes the uptake of fatty acids and fat deposition in offspring liver.3 The effects of maternal sodium butyrate and crude fiber supplement on lipid metabolism of weaning piglets liverSodium butyrate and crude fiber have many positive effects on promoting production in animal models.However,there is less concern about maternal nutrition on the development of offspring.Therefore,the aim of our study is to confirm whether supplement of sodium butyrate and crude fiber during pregnancy and lactation have effects on lipid metabolism of weaning piglets.In this study,we choose eighty-five Large White multiparty sows with a similar weight,and were randomly allocated into three groups,named CON group,SB group and high fiber group(HF group).The sows in CON group were fed a normal diet,while the SB group fed 0.1%sodium butyrate on normal diet and the HF group were fed 9.7%alfalfa meal during the whole pregnancy and lactation period.The liver and blood of weaning piglets were sampled.The results showed that both sodium butyrate and crude fiber increased the concentration of Tch in the liver of weaning piglets compared to CON group(P<0.05).The serum concentration of total bile acids(TBA)increased significantly after SB supplements(P<0.05),while it showed no changes in HF group compared with control group.Serol 27-hydroxylase(CYP27A1)is the key protein involved in TBA synthesis,in this study only SB treatment increased the protein expression of CYP27A1 and the serum content of TBA(P<0.05).In terms of cholesterol uptake,protein expression of LDLR increased significantly after SB and crude fiber treatment(P<0.05).In addition,we detected the proteins related to TG metabolism including ACSS1,ACSL1,ATGL and FABP1,unfortunately,none of them showed any alterations.These results indicate that both sodium butyrate and crude fiber supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can increase the expression of cholesterol uptake protein and promote the accumulation of cholesterol in liver of weaning piglets.But the effects on bile acid synthesis were not consistent.SB promoted the synthesis of bile acid while crude fiber showed no effect.