Evaluation Of Curative Effect Of Resveratrol On Liver Injury Induced By Deltamethrin In Quail

Hundreds of pesticides have been used in agricultural practices for centuries and are considered to be major factors in increasing agricultural product ivity.The use of pyrethroids has increased significantly since the implementation of restrictions on the use of organophosphorus pesticides and they have become the first choice of controlling pests in many agricultural countries over the past two decades.As an important component of pyrethroid pesticides,deltamethrin(DM)is a type II synthetic pyrethroid that can be used for agricultural pest prevention and is also widely used in veterinary medicine.It is reported that long-term exposure to DM can cause histopathological changes in the liver.Hepatotoxicity of DM can be induced by a variety of mechanisms,such as the production of free radicals,lipid peroxidation,inflammatory reaction and apoptosis.In addition,quail is also an important agricultura l economic animal.Therefore,it is of great clinical significance for veterinarians to study the potential mechanism of DM-induced liver injury and to alleviate the toxic effects of DM.Resveratrol(Res)is a natural polyphenol found in various plant speci es such as berries peanuts especially grape skins.Research on animal models have shown that Res has anti-oxidation,myocardial protection,anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects.Res increases antioxidant capacity by stimulating different antioxidant enzymes.Quail,a representative animal of birds,is often used as one of the food sources of human beings.Pesticides are accumulated in human body through quail and thus pose a potential threat to human health.Quail is often used to detect the toxicity of some toxic substances,and it is also the most commonly used animal to evaluate the pesticide safety.Therefore,this study established a quail model of DM poisoning to observe the therapeutic effect of Res on DM-induced liver damage.The experiment is divided into two parts.The first part was a trial of a DM-induced liver injury model in quail.Forty healthy male quails aged 21 days and weighing between 80 ± 15 g were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 in each group.They were divided into control group(physiological saline),low-dose DM group(15 mg/kg),medium-dose DM group(30 mg/kg),and high-dose DM group(45 mg/kg),The experimental period was 12 weeks.After 12 weeks,blood and tissue samples were collected from experimental animals for the followi ng tests: Red blood cell(RBC)and white blood cell(WBC)count;biochemical indicators test: Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and Alanine aminotransferase(ALT);analysis of oxidative stress: Measurement of malondialdehyde(MDA),Glutathione(GSH)and sup eroxide Dismutase(SOD);observation of histopathology and ultrastructure of liver.The second part was Res intervention DM-induced hepatotoxicity test in quail.Forty healthy male quails aged 21 days and weighing between 80 ± 15 g were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 in each group.They were divided into control group(physiological saline),DM group(45 mg/kg),DM+Res group(45 mg/kg DM+500 mg/kg Res)and Res group(500 mg/kg).The experimental period was 12 weeks.After 12 weeks,blood and tissue samples were collected from experimental animals for the following tests: Biochemical indicators test: Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),triglycerides(TG)and cholesterol;analysis of oxidative stress: the content of malondialde hyde(MDA)and Glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity;determination of fibrosis index;the content of hydroxyproline in liver tissue;observation of the histopathology,Oil red O staining and Masson staining of liver tissue.Western blo t and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to verify the signal pathway.The first part of the test results shows that,compared with the control group,the low,middle and high dose groups have different degrees of mental wilting and drooping wings;Th e total of white blood cell count,biochemical indexes and related indexes of oxidative stress change in a dose-dependent manner;Then,the results of pathological and ultrastructural observation show that DM-induced liver injury in a dose-dependent manner.The results of the second part show that compared with the control group,the biochemical indexes and hydroxyproline content in DM group are significantly higher than those in control group;The level of MDA increases significantly and the content of GSH decreases significantly;There is an obvious pathological changes in DM group from the pathological observation,which indicates that DM causes severe liver injury;Oil red O staining shows that DM could increase the lipid content in liver tissue;The results of Masson staining show that DM could increase the content of collagen fibers in liver tissue,and the above changes could be alleviated after the administration of Res.Finally,according to the detection results of Protein kinase B,Akt,Nuclear fa ctor erythroid-2 related factor 2,Nrf 2 and other expression of protein and relative gene,Res reduces DM-induced hepatic oxidative stress by inhibiting Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway,thereby reducing liver damage.In conclusion,Res can reduce the oxidative stress induced by DM,alleviate the liver damage caused by DM,and play a protective role on the liver.Res has good therapeutic effect and potential application value on DM induced liver injury.