Genetic Diversity Of Fargesia Deudata By SSR Markers

Staple-food bamboo(Fargesia denudata)is the main food of the giant panda.In the 1980s there was a wide range of death with flowering,which resulted in serious starvation in wild giant panda populations.In recent years,as the increasing of human activities and the worsening of environment,the giant panda survival pressure is more serious,thus the staple-food bamboo is becoming the key factor in the giant panda ' s protection.Genetic diversity and genetic structure is closely related to the stability of the species cxistance,they are important characteristics of a species.Genetic diversity reflects the ability of a species to adapt to the environment,study on genetic diversity and genetic structure of Fargesia denudata is necessary to reveal the breeding mechanism and develop protection policy.Wanglang National Nature Reserve which is one of the most important giant panda conservation areas in Minshan region,has only Fargesia denudata growing.The genetic information of Fargesia denudata in Wanglang is of great significance to protect wild pandas.At present,molecular markers have become important means to study the genetic diversity,however,the staple-food bamboo genetic diversity research is very limited,this paper developed polymorphic microsatellite molecular markers(SSR)primers to prepare for the genetic diversity research of Fargesia denudata natural populations in Wanglang Nature Reserve.The main results are as followings:(1)Using Primer 3.0 software successfully designed 182 SSR primers.16 SSR primers were screened for repeatability,clear amplification bands,and highly polymorphic primers were 14 pairs.(2)The 16 Fargesia denudata polymorphic SSR primers are cross-amplifiable in other five kinds of staple-food bamboo of giant panda,such as Arundinaria fargesii E.G.Camus,Yushania lineolata T.P.Yi,Fargesia scabrida T.P.Yi,F.rufa Y.P.Yi,F.ferax(Keng)T.P.Yi.The results showed that 16 of the new primer in five species of generality is as high as 95.50%.In a word,through the next-generation sequencing technology to develop SSR markers of Fargesia denudata is a simple and efficient way,and they provide tools to reveal its relatives genetic diversity and population genetic structure,which is theoretical basis for the protection of natural resources of bamboo(3)With 14 develolped highly polymorphic SSR primers of Fargesia denudata,we study the genetic diversity in 393 Fargesia denudata samples from Wanglang.At the species level,percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL)was 100%,the Shannon information index(I)is 0.914,Nei 's index(h),0.480 alleles(Na)is 10.200,effective allele(Nc)is 2.809,expected heterozygosity(Hc)is 0.420,shows that the level of species genetic diversity is higher.In the population level,Pop8 has the highest genetic diversity,Pop 12 is the lowest.(4)Clustering analysis shows that genetic distribution is consistent with the geographical distribution.Mantel test has the same result,which indicates that Fargesia denudata was significantly positively related to genetic distance and geographic distance(r=0.4508;P=0.0146).