Screening On High-quality And High-yield Japonica Rice Varieties And Its Matching Mechanical Planting Methods In Huaibei Region

The experiment was carried out in the off-campus test base of yangzhou university in 2016-2017 in guava town,donghai county,lianyungang city,jiangsu province,which is a subtropical temperate and humid climate zone in the north,with abundant rain and sunshine.The test soil was sandy loam with medium soil strength and previous wheat.This test with 92 rice varieties(or lines)as materials,live on mechanical and carpet seedlings machine mode,by the growth and maturity can select security mature 74 rice varieties(or lines),according to the rice and production,through clustering analysis,security mature 74 japonica rice varieties can be divided into class A fruity optimal high-yield,class B in the middle,class C flavour of optimum productive,class D middle of four type,select the appropriate types of high quality and high yield varieties planted in huaibei region,has been clear about the type of high quality and high yield varieties.The medium ripening medium japonica rice nanjing 2728 and nanjing 505 with class A taste were selected.Class A ripe in late japonica rice variety from 9108 and 239 young japonica as the test materials,set up the carpet seedlings machine and mechanical live two planting mode,system and compares the different ways of mechanization planting of good quality and high yield type japonica rice yield,nitrogen absorption use characteristic and the influence of rice quality,so as to japonica rice breeding high quality and high yield in huaibei area provide scientific theory basis and mechanization planting form application.The results are as follows:1.In this experiment,92 rice varieties(lines)were used as materials,and 74 rice varieties(lines)that could be safely matured were screened out from the growth period and maturity by means of mechanical direct seeding and carpet seedling machine insertion.Four types of rice varieties(lines)were obtained by cluster analysis of food taste value and yield.Among them,there are 19 varieties(lines)with excellent taste and high yield under mechanical direct seeding(category A),There are 14 varieties(lines)of wuyun japonica 80(class B).There were 18 varieties(lines)of zhenrice 99,etc.(C).There are 23 varieties(lines)of weizhong middle class,such as huajing 5(category D).There are 21 varieties(lines)of excellent taste and high yield under the carpet seedling machine insertion mode(category A).There are 17 varieties(lines)of the middle type with excellent taste,such as songzaoxiang 1,etc.(class B).There are 16 varieties(lines)of lianjing 7,etc.(class C).There are 20 varieties(lines)such as shengrice 20,etc.(category D).In this experiment,amylose with high yield and good taste was low,about 11%,and protein content was less than 10%.The taste meter showed high appearance,viscosity and balance,low hardness,and long glue consistency,averaging more than 85mm.The disintegration value of RVA spectrum is higher than 1000cp,and the subduction value is lower than-320cp.2.The experimental study showed that the development of blanket planter population was coordinated,the dynamic development of tiller and leaf area was reasonable,the earing rate was high,the photosynthetic production capacity was high in the middle and late stage,and the material production of the population was improved.In the grout setting period,the available temperature and light resources are sufficient,which is beneficial to the production potential.With large individual growth,the appropriate panicles and more panicles were coordinated to produce sufficient total spikelet quantity in the population,maintain a higher seed setting rate and stable grain weight,and form a high-yield structure.However,due to the excessive vegetative growth in the early stage and more ineffective tillers,the final tassel rate is low,and the accumulation of materials in the later stage is less,which affects the formation of grains.In the filling and setting stage,there are few available light resources,conflicts within the group,and small individual growth.From the analysis of yield composition,compared with late-ripened japonica rice,medium-ripened japonica rice has no advantage in the number of panicles,with slightly higher seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight,but no significant difference.3.In this experimental condition,compared with the mechanical live,carpet seedlings insert machine not only has higher nitrogen accumulation before earing,at the same time also has a moderate nitrogen accumulation before elongating stage,so that the reproductive growth phase to the grain,after heading at the same time,still has a strong ability of nitrogen accumulation,the accumulation of large amounts of nitrogen and shipped the grain.This may be due to mechanical live condition,the plant without injury,early tillering exuberant fertility,nitrogen demand is high,excessive vegetative growth,and in later period,massive death live mode ineffective tillers,growth,and carpet seedlings machine dynamic reasonable stem tillers,population structure optimization,the late remain strong ability of nitrogen absorption.Medium japonica in nitrogen uptake were significantly higher in the late ripe japonica,mainly manifested in carpet seedlings machine high nitrogen uptake after jointing stage,this may be because,as the growth period extension,some rice varieties may be partial late ripe,too much nitrogenous fertilizer at the same time,can cause TanQing late ripe,nitrogen in the soil is not fully absorb,utilization rate is reduced,will also be a significant reduction in nitrogen use efficiency of rice.It may also be because of the variety types,for japonica rice varieties,too long growth period is not conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen,but showed a downward trend.4.Blanket seedling machine insertion improves the quality of rice processing.For the same variety,compared with the mechanical direct seeding,the length and length to width ratio of the whole rice decreased under the carpet seedling transplanting condition,and the chalky rice rate,chalky area and chalky degree increased.The content of amylose was lower than that of direct seeding,but the glue consistency was longer than that of direct seeding.Compared with mechanical direct seeding,blanket seeding machine insertion improves the peak viscosity,thermal slurry viscosity and disintegration value of rice starch RVA spectrum,and reduces the reduction value.In addition to Nannjing 2728,the final viscosity also increases.Under the same planting method,the polished rice rate and the whole polished rice rate are significantly higher than that of late-maturing japonica.Compared with late ripening japonica,middle ripening japonica has smaller grain width and larger length-width ratio,and higher chalky rice rate,chalky area and chalky degree than late ripening japonica.The amylose content of middle-ripened japonica is lower than that of late-ripened japonica,while the gel consistency is longer than that of late-ripened japonica.The protein content of middle-ripened japonica rice is higher than that of late-ripened japonica,and the difference is extremely significant.Compared with late-maturing japonica,middle-maturing japonica has higher peak viscosity and disintegration value and lower ultimate viscosity and subtraction value.