| Lilium spp.is one of the significant "Medicinal and Edible" plants in our country,it's edible part is usually the bulb,and the petals are commonly used for ornamental and horticultural purposes,but there are also a lot of nutrients and active ingredients in petals.The flower buds need to be cut off either for the accumulation of functional contents in bulbs or for regeneration of bulblets,therefor,the utilization rate of petals is low.In order to improve the utilization of lily petals,44 species/varieties of lily petals were studied,and the contents of basic nutrients,minerals,amino acids and active components were analyzed in detail.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to carry out quality screening and comprehensive evaluation.This research would provide guidance and reference for improving the utilization efficiency of lily petals.In the meantime,there is a lot of soluble sugar in lily petals,which is an important energy supply substance during the blooming process of petals.In order to study the expression profile of enzyme gene related to glucose metabolism and the fluctuation of sugar content in the process of petal blossoming,the content of sugar in the petals of L.regale and L.leucanthum at different growth stages was determined,and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the relationship between the expression levels of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase genes.It would provide guidance for both the prospective gene exploration and elucidation of regulation pathway of pertinent genes,or even the genetic engineering research of lily glucose metabolism.The main results are as followings:(1)The content of the essential nutrients:soluble sugar,starch,crude fiber and protein;Active ingredients:polyphenols,total flavonoids,polysaccharides,alkaloids;Amino acids and minerals in lily petals of different species/varieties were analyzed by Uv spectrophotometry,HPLC and FAAS.The results showed that the soluble total sugar content was the highest among the basic nutrients,with an average value of 27.13%.Among them,the content of The Oriental×Trumpet Hybrids 'Mister Job' was the highest,reaching 49.98%.The content of polyphenols in the active components was the highest,with an average value of 34.58 mg/g.There was no significant difference in the total amount of amino acids,with an average value of 10.06 g/100g.The content of K in mineral elements was highest,followed by Ca,Mg and N,and the heavy metal elements were not detected(2)By using principal component analysis,the 16 component indexes of lily petals were divided into 7 principal components factor,and the cumulative contribution rate was as high as 74.108%,which was able to reflect most of the original quality traits.Relied on the comprehensive evaluation model,the top 5 composite were L.lancifolium?The Trumpet×Oriental hybrids 'Leslie Woodriff'?The Longiflorum×Asiatic hybrids 'Dazzle'?The Trumpet×Oriental hybrids 'Serano' and The Asiatic hybrid 'Matrix'(3)Cluster analysis was carried out to analyze the component indexes of 44 species/varieties of lily petals,the results were divided into six categories.The contents of total amino acid and P in the first lily category were slightly lower than that in other categories,and other contents were in the middle.The second lily category contained the highest starch,protein,total amino acid,total flavonoids,polysaccharides,N,P,K,Ca and Cu contents,and the content of other components was in the middle.The contents of crude fiber and alkaloid were the highest in the third lily category and the content of K was lowest.The contents of soluble total sugar and Mg were the highest in the fourth lily category.The content of soluble total sugar,polysaccharide,Ca,Fe and Cu in the fifth kind of lily was lowest,and the content of other components was in the middle.In the sixth category,the content of crude fiber,protein,alkaloid and Mg was lower and Fe content was the highest.Combined with the results of principal component analysis,the comprehensive quality of L.lancifolium was the highest among 44 kinds/varieties of lily petals.(4)The study on the regulation pathway of glucose metabolism found that the contents of glucose,fructose,sucrose and soluble total sugar in the petals of L.regale and L.leucanthum showed a trend of continuous increase from the bud emerging stage to the blossoming stage,and the growth trend was consistent,among which the contents of above-mentioned sugars in L.leucanthum were always higher than those in L.regale.The contents of glucose,fructose,sucrose and total soluble sugar were significantly correlated(p<0.01),and the relative sucrose content was signi ficantly correlated with the relative expression level of sucrose synthase gene(p<0.05)(5)The gene expression levels of sugary-synthesis-related enzymes in L.regale and L.leucanthum were different at different growth stages.The relative expression level of SUSY1 gene increased rapidly at first,and reached the maximum value from the bud emerging stage to the green bud stage II,then decreased rapidly,and tended to be balanced after the white bud stage I,basically maintained at a low level.Meanwhile,the relative expression of SPS1 gene decreased slowly at first,and reached a relatively low content in green bud stage ?,after that increased rapidly,then decreased slowly in green bud stage III,and tended to be balanced.In the early stage of flower bud color development,the synergistic effect of sucrose synthase gene and sucrose phosphate synthase gene jointly promoted the formation of sucrose,meanwhile,sucrose synthase gene played its role in decomposition to decompose sucrose into glucose and fructose.After the blooming stage of lily petals,photosynthesis is enhanced,and the accumulated sugars(such as glucose and fructose)in leaves are transported to the flower bud,and accumulate in the flower bud until flowering.Therefore,the sugar content of lily increases from the budding stage to the petal blooming stage,and fructose,glucose and sucrose accumulate in large quantities. |
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