| Diaphorina citri(Kuwayamaz)is an important vector for the spread of HLB,citrus production areas were distributed in the world,and D.citri is an important pest of Rutaceae plants.In this paper,the reproduction and flight diffusion behavior of the adults of D.citri were systematically studied by indoor experiments and outdoor observations.The main results are as follows:(1)D.citri can reproduce 11 generations one year at Murraya exotica plant in Nanning area and overlapping generations.The development of one generation takes 15-20 days,and overwinters with the 11th generation of adults(2)Female and male adults of D.citri need to feed for a period of time after emergence,so that reproductive organs can be developed to carry out reproductive activities.When the temperature was controlled at 25°C indoor experiment,the pre-mating period of male and female adults was 10.64±2.25d and 9.84±1.79d respectively,and the pre-oviposition period of female was 12.58±2.90d.(3)Mating,oviposition and emergence activities of the adults of D.citri were mainly carried out from 2:00 to 21:00,and the peak periods of activity were 10:00,12:00 and 9:00 respectively.Adults need to feed and supplement nutrition before and after mating or oviposition.After eclosion,adults stay on the back of mature leaves or move to suitable parts of plants for activities and exists gender differences(4)Both male and female adults of D.citri have multiple mating phenomena.The average mating times of male and female adults were 2.05±1.47 and 2.05±1.47 times respectively,with the sex ratio of 1?:1?,and the maximum mating times were 6 and 8 respectively.The average mating times of male and female adults were 2.15±1.88 and 1.851±1.06 times,respectively,with the sex ratio of 1?:2?,and the maximum mating times were 8 and 5 respectively.The average number of oviposition by females at 1?:1?and 1?:2? sex ratios was 131.44±28.71 and 148.73±23.73 respectively,and the hatching rate of eggs reached more than 90%.The mating time of males decreases with the increase of age.(5)Females of D.citri oviposition have intermittently,and the peak value of daily oviposition varies periodically,but the overall trend is from increasing to decreasing.The average number of oviposition by females at 1?:1?and 1?:2? sex ratios was 116.47±27.79 and 147.47±26.88 respectively.It was proved that the oviposition period of females was shortened in the case of polyandry.(6)The pre-flight period of adult of D.citri after eclosion was 23.03±3.83h.The newly eclosion adults had no flight ability for the time being.(7)Adult flight activities of D.citri have a certain circadian rhythm.The flight activities mainly occur between 6:00 and 20:00,and the peak period is 16:00.Most adults do not fly when food is sufficient.(8)When the UAV sprays pesticides,the adults of D.citri will spread to a certain extent.By comparing the three types of UAVs,it is found that the eight-rotor UAVs can effectively spray liquid medicine(water)onto the surface of plants and adults,meanwhile without disturbing most adults.When the single-wing UAVs and the six-rotor UAVs approach adults,the wind will cause most of the adults to fly and spread by the UAVs. |
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