Study On The Flight Ability And Influencing Factors Of Adults Of Tribolium Castaneum(Herbst)

Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)is one of the main stored grain pests in granaries and processing plants.In the past 60 years,T.castaneum has spread from a few provinces(regions)along the southeast coast to most provinces(regions)in China.The further expansion of distribution has brought great economic losses to grain industry,especially to processing enterprises.In this study,the flight ability of the adults of T.castaneum was explored.It is helpful to reveal the relationship between the flight ability of T.castaneum and the external environment(temperature,humidity,food)and its biological characteristics(age,starvation duration,mating status).To provide an analysis basis for the rapid distribution and spread of T.castaneum.It has certain theoretical and practical significance to provide biological basis and data support for physical control technology(such as trapping technology,pheromone trapping technology,etc.)of grain storage protection department.In this study,the influence of temperature,humidity,food condition,adult age,starvation duration and mating status on the flight ability of the adults of T.castaneum was studied by using an insect flying mill system.At the same time,the comprehensive influence of temperature,humidity and age on the flight ability of the adult of T.castaneum was clarified.The overall flying ability of the adult of T.castaneum was analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Relevant environmental factors(temperature,humidity,food conditions)had different effects on the flight ability of the adults of T.castaneum.Too high or too low temperature and humidity are not conducive to the flight of the female and male adults of T.castaneum.The flight willingness of female and male adults is low when the temperature is lower than 23℃ or higher than 35℃.The single average flight distance,flight duration,flight speed,cumulative flight distance and flight duration during 24-hours of T.castaneum reached the maximum at 32℃.The single average flight distance of the female and male adults reached 0.925 m and 0.638 m respectively.When the relative humidity was 45% and 85%,the flying willingness of the female and male adults of T.castaneum was low;when the relative humidity was 65%,the single average flying distance,flying duration,flying speed,cumulative flying distance and flying duration during 24-hours of T.castaneum reached the maximum,and the single average flying distance of female and male adults reached 0.925 m and 0.638 m respectively.Food had different effects on the flight ability of the female and male adults of T.castaneum.The flight ability of the adults fed with general mixed feed in laboratory was the strongest,followed by wheat flour and maize flour.Adults fed with rice flour could hardly survive.2.Physiological condition(mating status,adult age,starvation duration)have different effects on the flight ability of the adults of T.castaneum.The cumulative flight duration and distance during 24-hours of male adults without mating were greater than those of female adults,but there was no significant difference between them.The cumulative flight duration and distance during 24-hours of female adults after mating were higher than those of female adults without mating.The flight ability of the female and male adults of T.castaneum.at different ages showed an upward trend first and then a downward trend.The flighting ability was the weakest in 1 days adults and the strongest in 34 days adults.Single average flight distances,flight duration and flight speed were 0.181 m,5.043 s and 0.018 m/s,respectively,for female and 0.079 m,4.399 s,and 0.045 m/s,respectively,for male.With the further increase of adult age,the flight ability decreased gradually.Female and female adults of T.castaneum.hardly fly after 182 days.The flying ability of male and female adults in the state of starvation is lower than that of the normal rearing adults.3.The comprehensive study of temperature,humidity and age on the flying ability of female and male adults showed that temperature and age had the greatest impact on the average flying distance of adults,and humidity had the greatest impact on the average flying duration,average flying speed and the cumulative flying distance and duration of 24 hours.4.The overall takeoff rate of the adults of T.castaneum was 22.93%,of the female and male adults reached 30.60% and 28.90% respectively.The average flight distance,duration and speed of the adult of T.castaneum were 0.746 m,9.007 s and 0.023 m/s,respectively.The accumulated flight distance and duration for 24 hours were 0.890 km and 3.575 h.The average flight distance of the female and male adults reached 1.024 m and 0.468 m respectively.The flight distance of 24 h of the female and male adults were 1.184 km and 0.729 km respectively.And the flight duration during 24 h of the female and male adults were 4.166 h and 4.094 h respectively.The flight ability of female adults is more susceptible to related factors than that of male adults.Compared with field insects with long-distance migration ability,the long-term and large-scale migration ability of adults is weaker,and they do not have the characteristics of longdistance migration.