| Asprior germari,Anoplophora chinensis and Batocera horsfieldi are the three most serious beetles of Carya cathayensis.Their adults chewed new shoots skin and larvae damaged branches and trunk of C.cathayensis.The larvae are long-lasting and concealed,and it is difficult to control.At present,there are few studies on the plant source attractants of these three species of longicorn beetles.Therefore,Volatiles released from C.cathayensis in different damaged states [healthy(CK),as well as feeding,oviposition and boring damage by longicorn beetle] were collected by using dynamic headspace adsorption,and those causing electrophysiological and behavioral responses in A.germari,A.chinensis and B.horsfieldi were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),gas chromatography-electrophysiological antennal detecting system(GC-EAD)and Y-tube olfactometer.Finally,the field trapping test was used to verify the volatiles of behavioral responses to these three species of longicorn beetles,and to provide a theoretical basis for screening the proportions and components of plant-derived attractants of A.germari,A.chinensis and B.horsfieldi.The study shorved:1.The stress of the longicorn beetle has a certain influence on the volatiles of C.cathayensis.The volatiles released from C.cathayensis under different damaged states identified respectively were 45,37,35 and 46 compounds,a total of 51 species of 7 category,Most of these are terpenes and aromatic compounds,and 33 species of 7 category of these were common volatiles.However,there were one or several unique volatile components in each damaged state.And several components of volatiles released from C.cathayensis under different damaged states were significant differences existed.among the volatiles released from C.cathayensis under boring damaged state by larvae were similar to healthy,but feeding and oviposition damage state of the adult longicorn beetle is quite different from healthy.2.There were differences in GC-EAD responses of C.cathayensis volatiles under different damaged states among A.germari,A.chinensis and B.horsfieldi.However,A.germari adults only had significant electrophysiological responses to six volatiles,including(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,nonanal,?-terpineol,2-ethylhexyl acrylate and hexadecane.A.chinensis adults only had significant electrophysiological responses to ten volatiles,including(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene,ocimene,?-terpinene,p-diethylbenzene,nonanal,?-terpineol,pentamethyl phenyl,2-ethylhexyl acrylate,2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and hexadecane.B.horsfieldi adults only had significant electrophysiological responses to eight volatiles,including(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene,?-terpinene,nonanal,?-terpineol,pentamethyl phenyl,2-ethylhexyl acrylate,2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and hexadecane.3.The olfactory reaction showed that cis-3-hexenyl acetate,nonanal and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate had a significant attractivity to the adults of A.germari,while ?-terpineol had a significant repellent activity.Ocimene had a significant attractivity to the female adults of A.chinensis,while 2-ethylhexyl acrylate had an significant repellent activity,and(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene and ocimene had a significant attractivity to the male adults,while p-diethylbenzene and nonanal had a significant repellent activity.Nonanal and ?-terpineol had a significant attractivity to the female adults of B.horsfieldi,while(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene had an significant repellent activity,and ?-terpinene and nonanal,had a significant attractivity to the male adults,while ?-terpineol had a significant repellent activity.4.The inter-forest trapping showed that cis-3-hexenyl acetate has the best attraction effect on the adults A.germari,followed by nonanal and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,and there was no significant difference in the trapping effect,among which the proportion of males trapped by cis-3-hexenyl acetate and nonanal were higher,while the proportion of females trapped by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was higher(P<0.05).Ocimene was significantly higher than other lure on the trapping effect of A.chinensis(P<0.05),followed by ?-pinene,nonanal,myrcene and(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene,among which the proportion of males trapped by(1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene,nonanal,?-pinene and myrcene is higher,while the proportion of females trapped by ocimene is higher(P<0.05).Nonanal and cis-3-hexen-1-ol were significantly higher than other lure on the trapping effect of B.horsfieldi(P<0.05),followed by ?-terpineol,g-terpinene and(E)-2-Octenal,among which g-terpinene trapping were all males,and the proportion of males trapped by(E)-2-Octenal is higher,while the proportion of females trapped by nonanal,?-terpineol and cis-3-hexen-1-ol is higher(P<0.05).In summary,only nonanal trapping A.germari,A.chinensis and B.horsfieldi at the same time,indicating that nonanal is a shared plant source attractivity volatiles of these three kinds of longicorn beetles. |
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