| The soil fertility in the dryland in central Ningxia is low,and water resources are scarce.Reasonable fertilization methods are essential for increasing soil fertility and crop yield.Taking Xianyu 1225 as the tested variety,the effects of the type and amount of organic fertilizer on soil fertility and corn growth were studied,and the reasonable dosage under different organic fertilizer types in the area was explored.The specific research results are as follows:1.Making use of bio-organic fertilizer(M1),sheep manure organic fertilizer(M2),cow manure organic fertilizer(M3),three different organic materials and their different application rates had effectively improved the soil environment,reduced the soil bulk density and improved Soil pore condition,and also increased soil water storage capacity,achieved the purpose of water conservation and fertilizer conservation,and improved dryland productivity.The improvement effect of three organic fertilizers on soil physical properties was M1>M2>M3>CK,and the application rate was T1>T2>T3>T4>CK.The application of bio-organic fertilizer(Ml)had the most significant effect on the physical properties of cultivated soil compared with CK,especially the treatment of 6 t/hm2.The soil porosity,saturated water content and field water holding capacity were lower than those without organic fertilizer(CK).Increased by 24.96%,26.47%,and 66.01%,and the soil bulk density decreased by 10.74%.2.3 kinds of organic fertilizer treatment had effectively increased soil nutrient content and increased soil fertility level.The organic matter content of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow manure had increased by 9.69%,12.89%and 18.51%,respectively.The organic matter content reached 3.26 g/kg and 3.12 g/kg,and the manure organic fertilizer treated with M2T1 was 3.03 g./kg;The increase of total nitrogen content of the three species was not significant,but it increased slightly compared with CK.The total nitrogen content of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 5.36%,8.93%and 3.57%,respectively.The total phosphorus content of fertilizer,sheep manure and cow manure increased by 25.93%,11.11%and 14.81%,respectively.The total potassium content of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 8.93%,21.43%and 9.38 respectively.%.3.The effect of applying organic manure on maize yield was significant.Compared with CK,the ear diameter,ear length,grain number per panicle and 100-grain weight of different organic fertilizer treatments were significantly increased.The ear diameter of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 2.56%,2.94%and 1.62%,respectively.The ear length of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 7.12%,7.93%and 3.19 respectively.%;the number of grains per ear treated by bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 10.21%,13.84%and 1.95%,respectively;the 100-grain weight of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung increased by 2.50%compared with CK,3.92%and 2.38%;the degree of baldness of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung decreased by 9.01,17.19%and 3.61%,respectively.The effects of three kinds of organic fertilizers on corn agronomy were as follows:sheep manure organic fertilizer>bio-organic fertilizer>cattle manure organic fertilizer>CK.4.The effect of organic fertilizer treatment on corn yield increase was significant.The average yield of bio-organic fertilizer,sheep manure and cow dung treatment increased by 33.79%,29.05%and 29.15%respectively,which was expressed as bio-organic fertilizer>cow manure organic fertilizer>sheep Manure organic fertilizer>CK.When the bio-organic fertilizer was applied at 3t/hm2,the yield was up to 14.06 t/hm2;the difference between the application amount of organic manure in sheep manure was not significant.When the application was 6 t/hm2,the highest yield was 12.84 t/hm2;When 3 t/hm2 was applied,the yield and economic benefit of all treatments were the best,14.32 t/hm2 and 21,400 yuan/hm2,respectively,which was 48.60%and 33.75%higher than that of CK.5.Under the conditions of different organic fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers,all three organic fertilizers had improved soil fertility,increased corn yield and economic benefits.All three organic fertilizers were at T1+N15(3 t/hm2+225 kg/When hm2)ratio,the improvement of physical and chemical properties of cultivated soil,the supply of soil nutrients during growth period,corn growth and development,corn yield and economic benefit were the best.In summary,the application of different types of organic fertilizer could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties,improve soil fertility,and thus promote corn growth and development,and increase grain yield.Among them,cow manure organic fertilizer(M3)had the best effects,followed by bio-organic fertilizer(M1),and finally sheep manure organic fertilizer(M2).The optimum application rates of the three organic fertilizers were 3 t/hm2,and the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer(225 kg/hm2)could further promote crop growth. |
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