Environmental Impact Assessment Of Penaeus Vannamei Culture In North China

Penaeus vannamei is rich in nutrients and has a good taste.Since it was cultivated from the United States in 1988,it has been cultivated in large scale in China.It is one of the important economic shrimp breeding species in China.With the maturity of marine aquaculture technology in China,the breeding mode has also begun to diversify.Among them,the intensive farming mode has the advantages of high yield,small land occupation,strong anti-risk ability and high economic benefit,and is widely used by farming practitioners.The rapid growth of aquaculture also brings environmental problems such as red tides,eutrophication,and reduction of wild species.How to coordinate the relationship between economic benefits,ecological benefits and social benefits has become the focus of relevant government departments,the public,and farming practitioners.As a major economic shrimp species in China,Penaeus vannamei has important significance for its systematic and objective environmental impact assessment for the sustainable development of shrimp farming industry in China.As the main method in the field of environmental impact assessment,theLCA assessment method not only can be quantitatively analyzed,but also has significant advantages in the environmental impact of the various aspects of the system.The life cycle assessment method is widely used in the industrial field,but it is rarely used in agriculture and fishery.The main reason is that the growth cycle of animals and plants is long,and the first-hand production data of agriculture and fishery is difficult to obtain.This paper relies on the national shrimp and crab industry technical system to track and record fixed-point observation points,and obtain detailed and accurate data,and then conduct research on environmental impact assessment in aquaculture.This paper takes Rizhao City,Shandong Province as the research area,selects the fixed-point survey farmers,uses field interviews and surveys,issues questionnaires and consults relevant literatures to investigate all input and output in a breeding cycle of designated farmers,and uses life cycle assessment methods.Conduct environmental impact assessments to assess the environmental friendliness of the white shrimp culture model and provide informed and relevant policy advice to the government and relevant environmental management agencies.This paper is divided into the following parts:The first part reviews the development status of environmental impact assessment of aquaculture at home and abroad.It is found that the research on environmental impact assessment of foreign aquaculture adopts life cycle assessment methods,and mainly focuses on the aquaculture environment impact life cycle.The evaluation research mainly focuses on three aspects: aquaculture model,aquaculture biological type and environmental impact LCA method.Domestically,it summarizes the methods of environmental impact assessment of experts in domestic aquaculture field,and the hotspots when researching aquatic products.Based on the differences between domestic and international development,this paper attempts to use the life cycle assessment method to study the environmental impact assessment of aquaculture in northern China.The second part expounds the theory of sustainable development,the theory of industrial ecology,and the theory of life cycle assessment,and clarifies the concepts related to environmental impact assessment and lays a good theoretical foundation.In the third part,based on the research results,the development status and main breeding modes of white shrimp culture in South China are introduced,including the profile of sunshine and the general situation of white shrimp culture in South America,including the scale of cultivation and breeding mode.The fourth part is to construct the life cycle assessment model of P.vannamei and select environmental impact assessment indicators,and collate the sample point survey data,including fixed-point tracking data,household interview data and data collected from questionnaires,and count 10 sample points throughout the breeding cycle.All input-output data and preliminary analysis.In the fifth part,the life cycle assessment model of Penaeus vannamei was established,and the life cycle assessment software eFootprint was used to evaluate the environmental impact of the two culture modes(factory farming mode and pond culture mode),and each culture mode was analyzed longitudinally.The size of the environmental impact type in aquaculture stage,determine the environmental impact of each breeding stage,and compare the same stage of the two farming modes from the horizontal.The sixth part proposes targeted recommendations for the research results.Among them,for the life cycle assessment method of Penaeus vannamei culture model,the functional unit of this paper is one ton of Penaeus vannamei,the system boundary is farm infrastructure construction,shrimp culture,transportation process and wastewater,and the breeding mode of the two culture modes will be adopted.Divided into infrastructure construction,feed production and shrimp farming stage,environmental impact type indicators include Climate Change(GWP),Primary Energy Consumption(PED),and Resource Depletion Water(WU).Acidification(AP),eutrophication(EP)5 kinds,the impact assessment results factory farming is 1.33E+07,pond culture is 3.38E+06,and it is more convenient to compare with the same type of article,In this paper,the results of the study are analyzed using standardized weighted values.The final results show that in the two farming modes,the total environmental impact indicator of the factory farming mode is 6.12> the total environmental impact indicator of the pond culture mode is 2.24;the order of the environmental impact indicators of the two farming modes is: water consumption> eutrophication potential Value>Climate change>Acidification>Primary energy consumption;the environmental impacts of water consumption were 17.72 and 4.63.The eutrophication potential was 6.12 and 2.24,respectively.The climate change environmental impact index was 3.46 and 0.91,respectively.For 2.63 and 0.77,the primary energy consumption environmental impact index is 0.69 and 0.17 respectively.It can be seen that:(1)the infrastructure construction stage has the greatest impact on the entire aquaculture industry chain;(2)the total environmental impact of the pond culture model is less than that of factory farming;and(3)the environmental impact of eutrophication in shrimp farming activities.The largest proportion;(4)water consumption has the greatest environmental impact caused by the entire breeding activities.The following policy recommendations are derived:(1)strengthening the environmental management of the upstream industries of aquaculture;(2)weighing the production planning of pond culture and factory farming;(3)improving the composition of farmed feed,fine feeding;(4)Improve the effective use of water resources;(5)Establish ecolabels for shrimps and form environmental consumption behaviors.