Effect Of Edible Fungus Application On Ammonia Volatilization In Rice And Wheat Rotation Farmland And Its Application Effect

As a new type of organic fertilizer,the residue can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil,improve the soil quality,increase the crop yield,and play an active role in improving the soil environment of the farmland and reducing the environmental pollution risk caused by nitrogen fertilizer application..However,the effect of the slag returning on the field on the ammonia volatilization of rice and wheat rotation cropland is still unclear.In order to further clarify the effects of slag returning on the nitrogen-ammonia volatilization,nitrogen runoff,soil nitrogen content,crop nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice-wheat rotation cropland system.In this study,the rice-wheat rotation rice field of Chongzhou Experimental Base of Sichuan Agricultural University was taken as the research object.The conventional nitrogen application rate was used as the standard,and the nitrogen content of the slag and chemical fertilizer was converted into seven treatments.The nitrogen supply of the slag was 50%,and the fertilizer was supplied with nitrogen.50%?T1?;75%nitrogen supply from bacterial residue,25%nitrogen supply from fertilizer?T2?;100%?T3?nitrogen supply from slag;125%?T4?nitrogen supply from slag;150%nitrogen supply from slag?T5?);fertilizer supply of nitrogen 100%?CF?;blank treatment without fertilizer?CK?.After a one-year field trial of rice and wheat rotation,systematic research was carried out and the following results were obtained:1.The application of bacteria residue can reduce the loss of nitrogen ammonia volatilization in farmland.The ammonia flux in the rice season T1^T5 treatment was15.28¹7.20 kg/hm²,and the ammonia flux in the wheat season T1^T5 treatment was16.56²0.62 kg/hm².In the case of the same amount of nitrogen application,the larger the amount of slag applied,the lower the loss of ammonia volatilization;while the loss of ammonia volatilization in the treatment of single slag?T3^T5?was not significantly different?p<0.05,same as below?.).The ammonia volatilization flux of farmland under T1^T5 treatment was significantly lower than that of CF treatment?rice season:22.99kg/hm²;wheat season:28.05 kg/hm²?.It shows that the application of chemical fertilizer will promote the ammonia volatilization of farmland,and the application of slag can effectively reduce the ammonia volatilization of farmland.2.In the rice season,the application of microbial residue reduces the amount of ammonia volatilization loss by effectively reducing the NH₄⁺concentration,NO₃^-concentration and pH value of the surface water.The NH₄⁺ion concentration and NO₃^-ion concentration of the surface water decreased with the increase of the amount of slag application,indicating that the application of slag can effectively reduce the NH₄⁺concentration and NO₃^-concentration of the surface water;the ammonia volatilization of the farmland and the NH₄⁺concentration of the field water are extremely significant.The positive correlation?r²=0.858*?was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of NO₃^-?r²=0.684?.In addition,the results also showed that the pH value of rice paddy surface water decreased with the increase of slag application,and the pH value of field water was significantly positively correlated with the ammonia volatilization of farmland?r²=0.749?,indicating that the application of slag can be reduced.Field water pH value;3.In the wheat season,the application of microbial residue can reduce the ammonia volatilization loss by affecting the soil ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content and pH value.The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of slag application rate,indicating that the application of slag can effectively reduce the Ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content of field water;the ammonia volatilization of farmland and the ammonium content of soil are extremely Significant positive correlation?r²=0.834?was significantly positively correlated with nitrate content?r²=0.685?.Although the soil pH value is positively correlated with ammonia volatilization?r²=0.471?,the soil pH value is not significantly changed by the amount of slag application.Therefore,the slag application cannot be changed by changing the soil pH of the wheat season to nitrogen.The amount of ammonia volatilization loss has an effect.4.The soil organic matter content increases with the increase of the amount of slag applied.The higher the soil organic matter content,the lower the ammonia volatilization flux.During the rice-wheat rotation cycle,the soil organic matter content increased with the increase of the amount of slag application,indicating that the application of slag can effectively increase the soil organic matter content;the soil organic matter content in the rice season was significantly negatively correlated with the ammonia volatilization flux?r²=-0.631?,while the soil organic matter content in wheat season was negatively correlated with ammonia volatilization?r²=-0.476?,indicating that the higher the soil organic matter content,the lower the ammonia volatilization flux.The application of microbial residue is to effectively increase the soil organic matter content,and then directly affect the ammonia volatilization of the farmland through the soil organic matter,thereby reducing the ammonia volatilization flux of the farmland.5,the application of bacteria residue can increase crop yield to varying degrees.In the rice season,the nitrogen uptake of T1^T5 treatment increased by 17.24²8.67%compared with CK treatment,among which the yield increase was the highest with T5treatment;the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of each fertilizer treatment crop in rice season was 31.47⁵6.80%,of which T1 treatment Nitrogen utilization rate is the highest.In the wheat season,the nitrogen uptake of T1^T5 treated crops increased by 14.10²4.49%compared with CK treatment,and the yield increase of T4 and T5 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments;the nitrogen use efficiency of each treatment was 11.18¹7.16%,among which The highest processing with T2.The test results show that the combination of slag and chemical fertilizer treatment?T1 and T2 treatment?can not only promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants,but also effectively improve the efficiency of nitrogen use.In summary,compared with conventional treatment,proper amount of slag returning to the field can significantly reduce ammonia volatilization,reduce nitrogen loss,increase crop yield,and increase crop nitrogen use efficiency.By comparing the inhibitory effects of each treatment on the ammonia volatilization of farmland,it was found that the application rate of T5 treated slag was the optimal application rate of slag under the condition of rice and wheat rotation.