| Reasonable field configuration is beneficial to reduce individual competition and improve the efficiency of group utilization of resources.In this study,3 kinds of field configurations of maize-soybean strip intercropping system were set up(1.bandwidth2 m,line ratio 2:2;2.bandwidth 2.4 m,line ratio 2:3;3.bandwidth 2.8 m,line ratio2:3),and the sole maize and sole soybean were as control.The resource utilization efficiency of different field configurations was compared.As well as the intraspecific competition competition of maize,the response of maize to intraspecific competition competition under different bandwidth was studied by correlation analysis and variance analysis,and the main factors affecting maize yield were clarified.The main results of this study are as follows:1.The effect of field configuration on light distributionWith the increase of bandwidth,the light interception of maize canopy increased first and then decreased,and the average value of 2 m-2.8 m three bandwidth was lower than that of sole maize 8.41%,2.42%and 7.5%respectively.The transmittance of 2.4 m bandwidth at different heights of narrow-line canopy is higher than that of the other two bandwidth processing,of which three bandwidth processing in the middle of the canopy is below the net transmittance of 50.56%,26.21%and60.65%,respectively.The middle and lower transmittance of the 2 m bandwidth canopy in the wide line is higher than that of the other two bandwidth processing,which compensates to a certain extent for the adverse effects caused by the narrow shading,which shows that the 2 m bandwidth processing in the middle of the canopy is higher than the net 4.89%,the remaining two bandwidth processing is lower than115.81%three the net,51.89%and 77.61%.2.Effect of field configuration on population structureWith the increase of bandwidth,the morphological indexes such as high maize plant,leaf area,stem thickness and leaf angle showed a decreasing trend,among which there were significant differences between plant height,leaf area and angle bandwidth of ear leaf lobe.With the increase of bandwidth,the accumulation of organs in the upper part of maize showed a decreasing trend,the 2.8 m>of root dry matter in the basement showed a net>2 m>2.4 m trend,and the root dry matter was significantly higher than the other three treatments under 2.8 m bandwidth,which was 27.8%and 30.81%higher than 2 m,2.4 m bandwidth and net.And 26.41%.However,the increase of root system is more distributed in the shallow surface of soil,which exacerbates the competition of nutrient and water on the shallow surface of soil.3.Effect of field configuration on population yield and resource use efficiencyMaize production was significantly affected by bandwidth,bandwidth increased from 2 m to 2.4 m production decreased by 13%,bandwidth from 2.4 m to 2.8 m decreased by 17.05%,soybean increased with bandwidth by less than maize,and bandwidth increased from 2 m to 2.4 m by 12.46%,Bandwidth increased from 2.4m to 2.8 m by 11.25%,bandwidth from 2 m to 2.4 m decreased by 15.26%,bandwidth from 2.4 m to 2.8 m,production decreased by 18.86%,and the decrease in ear grain numbers was the main reason for the decrease in yield.The changes of population yield in different field configurations of maize-soybean banded compound planting were consistent with the change trend of maize yield,and the processing population of bandwidth 2 m had the highest yield,up to 10787.76kg/hm~2.The utilization efficiency of 2 m treatment to land is 63%higher than that of net,while the utilization efficiency of light,temperature and precipitation resources is 29.52%,39.42%and 39.42%higher than that of net maize,which is higher than that of net soybean 99.44%,90.55%and 90.55%respectively.It is a high yield and high efficiency corn-soybean banded composite planting method.4.Effect of field configuration on intraspecific competitionWith the increase of bandwidth,the competition within maize species intensifies,the competitive strength of intraspecific competition is two years average,and the 2.8m bandwidth processing is 461.86%and 93.46%higher than 2 m and 2.4 m bandwidth processing respectively.With the increase of competition intensity,the morphological structure responds to the competition,the upper part shows the plant height,leaf area,ear leaf angle,plant height neat degree,ear grain number uniformity degree decreases,the underground part shows the root system increase and mainly to the soil shallow surface distribution,exacerbates the competition to the water and the nutrient.As an index to measure the competitive relationship between the upper and lower basement species,the root/shoot ratio increases with the increase of competition within the species,which indicates that the competition of nutrients and water under ground is stronger than that of light above ground.The above results show that the increase of bandwidth is not conducive to the improvement of population yield and resource utilization efficiency in maize-soybean banded intercropping planting mode,the highest output of field configuration group with bandwidth of 2 m and line ratio is 2:2,and the better efficiency of resources and land use is the ideal way of maize-soybean field configuration.Maize dominates the population yield,and under 2 m bandwidth,maize coordinates the distribution of light in the population,affects the number of maize ears and the formation of yield,and reduces the competition between underground and above ground species,thus obtaining the increase of yield. |
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