| Carya illinoinensis K.Koch has the advantages of thin shell,high value of Pecan oil and strong disease resistance.It is suitable for cultivation in the warm and humid subtropical region of China.The existing sporadic introduction indicates that the Carya illinoinensis K.Koch has good adaptability and disease resistance in the Sichuan Basin,and the cultivation prospect is good.Due to the lack of systematic research,there are still many difficulties in cultivars and cultivation techniques that have not been solved.The pecans generally have problems of low yield and low efficiency.In this study,eight Carya illinoinensis K.Koch varieties introduced from Jiangsu and Zhejiang were used as materials.Mahan is currently the most cultivated variety in China.It is widely planted in Jiangsu,Anhui,Zhejiang and other places.It’s advantages are large fruit and thin shell,but its biggest drawback is high shell rate and serious fruit drop.‘Bigenyuan 3’ is a variety selected by Changzhou Golden Land Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,which has good yield and high fullness rate.It is used as the main variety in the company.Therefore,this experiment uses ‘Mahan’ and ‘Bigenyuan 3’ as the main cultivated variety.The flowering and fruit quality of the 13-year-old Carya illinoinensis K.Koch introduced in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,it was observed and evaluated for three years to screen out suitable main cultivated variety and pollinated variety.The research results are as follows:(1)Among the two main varieties,the average yield per plant for ‘Mahan’ for three consecutive years in 2016-2018 was 0.43 kg,0.84 kg and 0.46kg;the average yield per plant of ‘Bigenyuan 3’ was 0.78 kg,0.96 kg,0.91 kg.In terms of effective production and stable production,‘Bigenyuan 3’ is better than ‘Mahan’.(2)In the two main cultivated varieties,‘Mahan’ and ‘Bigenyuan 3’ have obvious problems of major and minor years,and ‘Mahan’ is more serious.The number of plants with obvious major and minor years in ‘Mahan’ accounted for 89.50%;the number of plants with obvious major and minor years in ‘Beigenyuan 3’ accounted for 75.00%.(3)There were significant differences in fruit dropping rate and fruit dropping time between the two main cultivated varieties.The fruit dropping rate of ‘Bigenyuan 3’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Mahan’.In 2017,the fruit dropping rate of ‘Mahan’ and‘Bigenyuan 3’ was 63.02% and 35.67%,and in 2018,it was 68.67% and 44.34%.In the fruit dropping period,‘Mahan’ had a peak of fruit drop around July,while ‘Bigenyuan 3’did not.From the rate of fruit dropping,‘Bigenyuan 3’ is better than ‘Mahan’.(4)There are significant differences in the empty rate of fruits,not-full rate of fruits and full rate of fruits between the two main cultivated varieties ‘Mahan’ and ‘Bigenyuan 3’.‘Mahan’’s empty rate of fruits and not-full rate of fruits are significantly higher than‘Bigenyuan 3’.In the three years of 2016-2018,‘Mahan’’s empty rate of fruits was 12.00%,9.33%,and 11.00%,and the empty rate of ‘Bigenyuan 3’ was 3.33%,2.67%,and 2.33%.The full rate of ‘Mahan’ was 72.00%,69.67%,and 70.67%;the full rate of ‘Bigenyuan 3’is 91.34%,91.00%,and 93.34%.From the perspective of full rate of fruits,‘Bigenyuan 3’is better than ‘Mahan’.(5)Two main cultivated varieties in terms of fruit quality,‘Mahan’ fruit is larger,the shell is thinner,and the rate of kernel is higher.Therefore,‘Mahan’ fruit is relatively superior.‘Bigenyuan 3’ has a single fruit weight of 9.16 g,a shell thickness of 0.88 mm,and a kernel yield of 54.85%.It is easier to take the kernel and the fruit is also excellent.Comprehensive yield,major and minor years,fullness,fruit quality and other indicators,‘Bigenyuan 3’ as the main plant variety is better than ‘Mahan’.(6)There are 3 varieties that meet the female flowering period of ‘Bigenyuan 3’ were‘Mahan’,‘Xin No.7’ and ‘No.35’.Since the male flowering period of No.35 and the female flowering stage of ‘Bigenyuan 3’ had the highest degree of coincidence,and the quality of the fruit of ‘No.35’ was better,it was determined that ‘No.35’ was the best pollination variety of ‘Bigenyuan 3’.The single fruit weight of ‘No.35’ was 7.03 g,the shell thickness was 0.81 mm,the kernel yield was 52.07%,the 3-year average filling rate was 90.56%,and the crude fat and crude protein contents were 9.40g/100 g and 72.47g/100 g. |
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