Effect Of RAW Grass On Ecological Environment And Fruit Quality Of Pear Orchard

As a good soil management system for fruit tree cultivation,orchard raw grass has become a main planting mode of green fruit production in developed countries.Due to the lack of perfect orchard soil management system,traditional orchards are mainly cultivated with clear ploughing.Orchard grass has not been widely used in our country.In order to improve the ecological conditions of orchards in China and improve the fruit quality and yield,the suitable species of natural and artificial grass were selected.good soil management system for fruit tree cultivation,orchard raw grass has become a main planting mode of green fruit production in developed countries.Due to the lack of perfect orchard grass growing system,traditional orchards are mainly cultivated with clear ploughing.Orchard grass has not been widely used in our country.In order to improve the ecological conditions of orchards in China and improve the fruit quality and yield,the suitable species of natural and artificial grass were selected.In this paper,the species of pear orchard grass in spring,summer and artificial grass were investigated,and the field grass species and artificial grass species suitable for keeping in Handan pear orchard in different seasons were selected.Using yellow crown pear orchard as test material,rape flower,February orchard and natural grass were planted in rows respectively.The changes of soil temperature and humidity and soil nutrient content in orchard were determined under the condition of clear tillage and raw grass by using clear tillage as control.The effects of grass on the ecological conditions of orchard and the factors of yield and quality of pear fruit under the condition of raw grass were investigated by using natural grass under Yali pear orchard as the test material.The following conclusions are drawn.(1)Spring pear orchard selected species are: dandelion,Ixeris chinensis,Rehmannia,the Summer Solstice grass,fennel,February orchid,vegetable,shepherd’s purse.Summer pear orchard selected species are: oregano,Portulaca oleracea,carpet grass,along the grass,Amaranthus concave,Zoysia.Artificial grass species are: rosy pea,rye,clover,February orchid,cauliflower,rosegrass.The weeds that should be removed are: White fescue,sowder,mashed sausage,canola,quinoa,Abutilon,morning ox,mandola,amaranth,alizarin,velvet,cauliflower,Humulus,Feiyan,thistle(2)Artificial grass has the function of storing water and preserving soil moisture,reducing water evaporation rate and lowering soil temperature in summer.The surface soil temperature of grass growing area is kept between 21 ℃and 29 ℃,and the surface soil temperature of clear tillage area fluctuates between 30 ℃and50 ℃.With the increase of soil depth,the soil temperature and water content gradually decreased,the temperature of the grass growing area was between 22 ℃/24 ℃/ 22 ℃/ 27 ℃/ 27 ℃/ 19 ℃/ 26.5 and 37 ℃/ 40 ℃/ 36 ℃/ 36 ℃/ 38 ℃/ 38 ℃/30 ℃/ 30 ℃/ 32 ℃,respectively.The soil organic matter and nutrient content of pear orchard were increased,the average content of organic matter in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in clear tillage area,and the organic matter content was the highest in the planting of February orchid,which was 34.1% higher than that of the control.In 0~30cm soil layer,the organic matter content in grass growing area and control area decreased from the surface layer along the depth,and the total nitrogen content in grass growing treatment was significantly higher than that in clear tillage treatment.The average contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0~10cm soil layer were 130.73 mg/kg,131.75 mg/kg,359.12 mg/kg respectively.Compared with 0~10cm,the nutrient content of the treatment was significantly higher than that of the pure tillage treatment.The nutrient content of the treatment was decreased,but both were higher than that of the clear tillage area.(3)Natural grass decreased fruit hardness and titratable acid content,increased sugar content in fruit,and significantly increased fruit weight,quality and yield of pear.