Effect Of Straw Returning And Mulching On The Growth And Yield Of Rice In Jilin Province

In order to investigate the impact of straw return and plastic film cover on soil environment,rice growth and development,rice yield formation,and nitrogen use efficiency.The experiment selected Jixi 88 as the test material,and set 4 groups of straw returning field gradients,which were 20%?low?,40%?medium?,60%?high?,and 100%?total?of the highest return(The total amount of straw is calculated from the ratio of straw to straw?8.0 t/hm²?.Field tests were conducted in both rice transplanting and non-mulching cultivation techniques to determine soil temperature and soil fertility.Rice growth traits and yield indicators.The effects of straw return and plastic film cover on soil fertility and rice growth and development in Jilin Province were clearly defined.?Note:A₁ is 20%return of film;Treatment A₂ is 40%return of film;Treatment A₃ is 60%return of film;Treatment A₄ is 100%return of film;Treatment B₁ is not coated with-20%returning amount;Treatment B₂ is not coated with-40%returning amount;Treatment B₃is not coated with-60%returning amount;Treatment B₄ is not coated-100%returning field Quantity,treatment B₁ is the test control.?The results of this experiment are as follows:1.In terms of soil temperature,the soil temperature at depths of 5cm and 10cm was significantly affected by the mulch during the tillering stage of rice.In the soil temperature of5cm depth,the soil temperatures of treatments A₂,A₃,B₂,A₁,and A₄ were higher than the control 1.4°C,respectively.In the soil temperature of 0.7°C,0.6°C,0.4°C,0.2°C,and depth of10cm,the soil temperature of A₂,A₃,A₁,and B₂ was higher than that of the control,1.1°C,0.6°C,0.4°C,and 0.2°C,respectively.2.In soil fertility,low amount of straw treated soil total nitrogen content with the rice growth process showed a downward trend in the total nitrogen content of rice at tillering stage was highest,and was significantly higher than other treatments;in quantity,high volume,total treatment of soil total nitrogen content with the rice growth process was increased first and then decreased,treatment A₂ and B₂ are in the filling stage when the soil total nitrogen content is the highest,the content of soil total nitrogen and A₂ was significantly higher than other treatments;A₃,A₄ and B₄ were treated in the heading stage of soil total nitrogen content is the highest in the jointing stage;B₃ soil total nitrogen content was the highest in treatment A₁,A₂,A₃;soil organic matter the content with the rice growth process continues to rise,the content of soil organic matter A₄ with rice growth period process first decreased and then increased,the content of soil organic matter,B₂,B₃,B₁ with B₄ The growth stage of rice growth first increased and then decreased.3.In agronomic traits,the tillering number of treatment A₂ reached the highest level of tillering within 21-28 days of tillering stage of rice and was higher than other treatments.The other treatments reached the highest tillering stage within tillering stage of tillers from 28 to 35days until tillering stage,A₂ had higher tillering number than other treatments,and A₂>A₃>A₁>B₂>B₁>A₄=B₃>B₄,and the tiller numbers of A₂,A₃,A₁ and B₂ treatments were higher than that of control 4.55%²2.73%.The tiller number of rice treated with A₄,B₃ and B₄ was 4.55%⁹.09%lower than that of the control.At the heading stage of rice,the leaf area index of treatment A₂ and treatment A₃ reached above 6,and the values of A₂,A,A₃ and B₃ were 24.4%and 18.6%,16.5%,1.5%,respectively,B₂,A₄,B₄ for the control 0.7%,4.1%,7.1%respectively.4.In terms of photosynthetic production in rice,the net photosynthetic rate of all treatments peaked at 10 days after rice was full,and the net photosynthetic rate of treatment A₂ was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The treatments showed A₂>A₃>A₁>B₂>B₁>B₃>A₄>B₄.The net photosynthetic rate of A₂,A₃,A₁,and B₂ was higher than that of the control from 1.6%to 19.5%.The net photosynthetic rate of treatments B₃,A₄,and B₄ was lower than the control of 0.59%to 5.45.%;The dry matter accumulation of the treatments showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing and then increasing again.The ratio of dry matter accumulation of each treatment to the total dry matter accumulation during the mature period was the highest among the filling and maturing periods.During grain filling-mature stage,dry matter accumulation of A₁,A₂,A₃,B₁,B₂ and B₃ was significantly higher than that of A₄ and B₄.The dry matter accumulation of each treatment showed A₂>A₃>B₁>A₁>B₂>B₃>A₄>B₄.The total dry matter accumulation of treatment A₂ was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The total dry matter accumulation of treatments A₁,A₂,A₃,and B₂ was higher than that of the controls 4.5%,35.6%,13.7%,and 3.1%,respectively.Treatments A₄,B₃,and B₄ The total dry matter accumulation was lower than the control of22.1%,2.2%,and 33.4%,respectively.5.In terms of nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial production efficiency of treatments A₂,A₃ and A₁ were higher than those of the control,while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the treatment without membrane treatment was slightly higher.Nitrogen utilization rates of 100%field treatment were significantly lower than the control.6.The effective panicles of treatments A₂,A₃,B₂,A₁ and B₃ were 13.0%,6.5%,5.4%,3.3%and 3.3%higher than those of CK respectively in terms of yield and yield components.The number of grains per panicle increased with the increase of straw amount.The seed setting rate of rice decreased with the increase of straw amount,The rates of treatment A₂,A₃,A₄,B₂,B₃and B₄ were 2.7%,8.7%,8.7%,3.4%,8.7%and 8.1%lower than that of the control except that the treatment A₁ was 2.1%higher than that of the control.The results showed that the grain yield of 1000-grain weight was higher than that of other treatments.The actual yield of all the treatments was A₂>A₃>A₁>B₂>B₃>B₁>A₄>B₄,B₂ increased yields by 20.8%,10.4%,7.3%,5.2%and 2.1%,respectively,and treatments A₄ and B₄ decreased yields by 24.0%and 26.0%respectively.In conclusion,straw returning and plastic film mulching increased soil temperature 5 cm underground and 10 cm underground at the tillering stage,improved soil physical and chemical properties,increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen content,increased leaf area index and flag leaf net photosynthetic rate,thus increasing The accumulation of dry matter in rice increased the redistribution of photosynthetic products,increased nitrogen use efficiency and increased the number of spikes and grains per panicle in paddy so as to maintain the stable yield.Under 40%straw dosage,Has a significant role in promoting..Excessive land application rate is not conducive to rice growth and development.