Effect Of Soil Phosphorus Fractions And Crop Absorption Of Phosphorus Of Farmland Under Mushroom Residue Application

The mushroom residue contains a large amount of nutrients required for plant growth,at present,it have been used as fertilizer in more areas.The study mainly focused on the effects of the application on soil organic matter and total nitrogen,but not enough on the phosphorus component in the soil.In this study,the research pointed on the problem of insufficient phosphorus,especially phosphorus components after the application of mushroom residue as fertilizer,and the field experiment was conducted in the modern agricultural research and development base of Sichuan agricultural university in chongzhou,the reseach used agaricus mushroom residue as material,based on total phosphorus balance,according to the mushroom residue into the amount of phosphorus as the standard,setting seven treatments,including blank,pure fertilizer,20% of mushroom residue,40% of mushroom residue,60% of mushroom residue,80% of mushroom residue,and 100% mushroom residue.In this paper,the effect of mushroom residue substituted phosphate fertilizer for dynamic change of total phosphorus and phosphorus components in farmland soil was studied systematically,and then combined with the absorption of phosphorus in crops.It is important to further understand that effect of mushroom residue on soil phosphorus base in various aspects,such as phosphine,enzyme activity and crop absorption utilization,and to provide some theoretical practical reference for the scientific application of the mushroom residue and the substitution of phosphate fertilizer.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The total phosphorus content of soil in the rice and wheat growing period after fertilization showed no obvious change in the early stage of crop growth,and slightly increased in the later stages.After one year of planting,the content of total phosphorus content in soil which were treated with phosphate fertilizer substituted by mushroom residue was increased,but the increment was lower than that of pure fertilizer.The content of H2O-P and NaHCO3-P in soil layer of 0-20 cm was significantly improved by mushroom residue's application,which H2O-Pi,H2O-Po,NaHCO3-Pi are at 60% of mushroom residue phosphorus,NaHCO3-Po is 80% of mushroom residue phosphorus and 100% of mushroom residue phosphorus are maximize in growing period.After a year of planting,the increment of H2O-Pi,Po and NaHCO3-Pi and Po in soil were at 60% and 80% of mushroom residue phosphorus as the highest separately,which was 2.19,12.7 and 1.69,1.73 times than the increment of pure fertilizer,respectively.Na Cl-Pi showed similar changes in the growth period similar to that of H2O-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi,with the maximum increase of 80% of mushroom residue phosphorus,and no consistent change of Na Cl-Po.The increment of NaOH-Pi content treated with 40% of mushroom residue was the largest after one year of crop planting,which was 1.16 times of the increment of pure fertilizer.The increment of NaOH-Po content of 40%-100% mushroom residue substitute fertilizer phosphorus was higher than 20% substitute fertilizer after planting a year.After one year of crop planting,the content of HCl-Pi was reduced,and the decrease of 0-20 cm soil layer was 2.13-3.61 times of CF.HCl-Po,HS-P,Residues-P had no obvious regular change in the growth period of rice and wheat.Correlation analysis showed that soil H2O-P,Na Cl-Po and NaHCO3-Po mushroom residue replace phosphorus were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation.It is indicated that the content of those in soil is the most significant increase with the increase of the proportion of the substituted fertilizer phosphorus.(2)In this study three phosphate monoester soil enzyme activity were the highest under 60% mushroom residue phosphorus treatment.Phosphodiesterase activity in 0-20 cm to the highest 60% mushroom residue phosphorus processing,20-40 cm season rice with mushroom residue phosphate 40%,wheat season with 60% mushroom residue phosphorus processing activity,were significantly higher than that of blank and fertilization of mushroom residue treatment,but showed no significant difference with fertilization of chemical fertilizer,and mushroom residue replace phosphate negatively related with activity during the period of one year's crop.The soil phosphorus phytase activity was the highest in the rice season(100% mushroom residue treatment)and(80% mushroom residue treatment)in the wheat season,which was significantly higher than that of single fertilizer.(3)The correlation analysis and the step regression analysis of the phosphorus components and enzyme activities in the two layers of rice and wheat growth period indicated that the five phosphatases were able to reflect the dyna-mic changes in the content of phosphorus components in the soil,but the p-hosphate monoesterase had the greatest contribution to H2O-P,Na Cl-P and NaHCO3-P in the soil,and the phosphodiesterase was followed by the least contribution of phytase.(4)In the growing period of rice,it was the best to accumulate the dry matter of the crops by using 80% mushroom residue phosphorus with fertilize,and used 40%-60% in the growing period of wheat.The phosphorus uptake of crops was the highest in the rice season with 80% of mushroom residue phosphorus and 60% in wheat season.In the maturity of the crop,the amount of phosphorous and the quality of the rice on the floor of the rice is better than the quality of the fertilizer,and the correlation is higher than that of wheat,which means that it has a higher response to the phosphate fertilizer replaced by mushroom residue.In the maturation period of the crop,the correlation between phosphorus uptake on the ground and dry matter quality and phosphate fertilizer replaced by mushroom residue in rice was higher than that of wheat,indicating that its response to phosphate fertilizer replaced by mushroom residue was higher than that of wheat.The dry matter accumulation and phosphorus absorption of rice and wheat were strongly correlated with H2O-P,Na Cl-Pi,NaHCO3-P and NaOH-Po in soil,indicating that NaOH-Po could also be used as direct phosphorus source for crop absorption in addition to the previous phosphorus components.