| The field drip irrigation of water and fertilizer integration technology can effectively improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer while reducing environmental pollution.Exploring the new model of drip irrigation in field can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of a rational fertigation system,and at the same time it is of practical significance for achieving agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income.In this study using maize as the experimental material and was conducted at Huangyang He farm,Gansu Province.The field experiment include five treatments:Treatment CK--The plots were covered by plastic films(0.008 mm thick and 140 cm wide),and the size of wide rows was 50 cm and narrow rows was 30 cm,fertilizers was broadcast in the plots.Treatment ?--The plots were covered by plastic films(0.008 mm thick and 140 cm wide),and the size of same rows was 40 cm,fertilizers was broadcast in the plots.Treatment ?--The plots were covered by plastic films(0.008 mm thick and 140 cm wide),and the size of wide rows was 50 cm and narrow rows was 30 cm,fertilizers was drilling in the plots.Treatment ?--The plots were covered by plastic films(0.008 mm thick and 75 cm wide),and the size of same rows was 50 cm,fertilizers was broadcast in the plots.Treatment ?--The plots were covered by plastic films(0.008 mm thick and 140 cm wide),and the size of wide rows was 50 cm and narrow rows was 30 cm,fertilizers was broadcast in the plots.This study mainly explores the application of water and fertilizer integration technology to the input,output and benefits of maize under rated water and fertilizer conditions.At the same time,through comparative analysis of soil nutrient status and maize productivity under different cultivation modes,a new cultivation model suitable for arid areas in Hexi was selected as a standard for water and fertilizer integration in field drip irrigation maize cultivation,the main results obtained are as follows:1.Quantitative drip irrigation will store the certain water in the soil during the growth periodof maize,which will contribute to the growth and development and the accumulation of dry matter of corn.The accumulation of corn biomass was significantly increased under treatment II and teatment IV.At the maturity stage,the biomass of treatment II was higher than CK,treatment I,treatment III and treatment IV increased by 6.1%,7.3%,1.6%,and 4.3%,respectively.The stem diameter of treatment II was higher than that of CK,treatment I,treatment III,and treatment IV increased by 20.83%,30.55%,36.11%,and 13.89%,respectively.Treatment II significantly increased the SPAD and LAI of maize.At the same time,the wide film mulch helps to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture,thereby increasing the storage of soil moisture and increasing the soil water content.2.In the harvest,the soil nitrogen content of treatment II decreased more than other treatments,compared with control CK,treatment I,treatment III and treatment IV decreased by 4.50%,6.94%,4.51% and 2.67%,respectively.The soil phosphorus content and potassium content were the least under the treatment II,treatment III is higher than other treatments.Soil phosphorus content of treatment II decreased by 18.50 % compared with treatment III,potassium content decreased by7.46%.It shows that the wide film mulch and width and narrow row planting can improve the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium in soil.Among the stems,leaves and grains,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of the wide film mulch and width and narrow were the highest,which was significantly higher than other treatments.the nitrogen absorption of the treatment II increased by 70.85% compared with the treatment III,and the phosphorus uptake increased by 43.31%,potassium uptake increased by 55.78%.3.During the growth period of maize,especially in jointing,tasseling and pollinating stages,due to the rapid growth of plants and the rapid demand for nutrients,drill fertilization can be used effectively by the roots,and the application of organic fertilizer can also meet the nutrient requirements of corn.During the pollination period to the filling stage,nutrients are still accumulating and we should be topdressing.At this time,the demand for nutrients in the grain is increased,especially the absorption of nitrogen.Therefore,at this stage,we should pay attention to the supplement of nitrogen fertilizer.4.The treatment ? significantly increased the ear length,ear diameter,ear weight and100-grain weight of the corn,significantly reducing the length of the baldness of the corn.However,there was no significant difference between the treatment II and treatment IV.The treatment III significantly reduced ear length,ear diameter,ear weight and 100-grain weight compared with other treatments.The ear length of treatment II increased by 18.13% compared with treatment III,the ear diameter increased by 9.84%,the kernel number increased by 14.89%,the ear weight increased by 18.20%,and the 100-grain weight increased by 36.42%.The treatment II cansignificantly increase corn yield,the corn yield of treatment II increased by 19.48% compared with the treatment III.The result indicating that the use of wide-film and wide-narrow cultivation technology,Banding fertilizer or the application of organic fertilizer can effectively increase corn yield and improve economic efficiency in the arid and semi-arid regions of the northwest China. |
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