Study On Fertilizer Effect And Reduction Fertilization Technology Of Peanut-spring Maize Rotation

At present,excessive fertilization leaded to soil nutrient accumulation,low fertilizer use efficiency and environmental risk of fertilization.Scientific fertilization and sustainable utilization of soil nutrient resources in the green development of agricultural production had become important research issues at present.Balanced fertilization theory and technology had always been one of the research hotspots at home and abroad,and it was also the theoretical basis of reducing fertilization theory and technology.The yield effect and nutrient transformation and direction of fertilizer on crops in different regions were studied by means of fertilizer location experiment.The scientific fertilizer application amount and field demonstration and verification in large area were put forward as a scientific method combining theory with technology.Many studies had been carried out to calculate the balance of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,or to calculate the amount of fertilizer applied on farmland scale based on the effect of fertilizer on winter wheat-summer maize yield and the balance of soil nutrient revenue and expenditure.Climate,physiognomy,parent material of soil formation and fertilization were the main factors affecting soil fertility,and fertilization was an important factor affecting soil nutrient content,especially available nutrient content.At present,there were few studies on the yield effect of peanut-spring maize rotation area and the effect of fertilization on soil nutrient evolution in Yanshan Piedmont Plain,eastern Hebei Province.Based on the above problems,this paper adopted the combination of macro-and micro-scale,long-term fertilizer positioning test and field demonstration test,etc.The yield effect of N,P and K on peanut and maize,the fate of nutrients,and the balance of soil nutrients were systematically studied,and the scientific fertilizer application rate was put forward by field demonstration experiment.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth and yield of peanut and maize in peanut-spring maize rotation area were discussed in theory,and the reduction and high efficiency fertilization technique was put forward in practice.The main results were as follows:?1?Yield effect of N,P and K on Peanut:the absence of N,P or K fertilization significantly decreased the biomasses and yields,the absence of N and P fertilization mainly reduced the pods per strain,whereas the 100-pod weight was significantly decreased without K fertilization;Where the yields of-N?PK?,-P?NK?,-K?NP?,1/2P?NK?and 1/2K?NP?were 81.5%,82.2%,80.1%,86.8%and 83.1%of that for NPK,the difference reached a significant level.The treatment yields were in the order of NPK>2/3N?PK?>1/2N?PK?>1/2P?NK?>1/2K?NP?>-P?NK?>-N?PK?>-K?NP?.The1/2N?PK?and 2/3N?PK?had no significant impact on yield was observed.According to the yield of 4578.0 kg/hm² and the application rates 180,90 and 90 kg/hm² for N,P₂O₅ and K₂O,the apparent nutrient balances of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O in the NPK were-18.67 kg/hm²,20.54 kg/hm² and-43.64 kg/hm²,respectively,when considering about soil supply of NPK,the actual nutrient balances of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O in the NPK were 142.83 kg/hm²,35.74kg/hm² and 51.51 kg/hm²,respectively.Based on the fact that peanut was legumes,the soil fertility status?high available phosphorus,low available potassium?in peanut production area in eastern Hebei Province,the techniques of efficient fertilization in peanut production were raised:reducing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer,ensuring potassium fertilizer,the basal application rates of 67.5-90.0,45.0-90.0 and 45.0-90.0 kg/hm² for N,P₂O₅ and K₂O were recommended for the spring peanut production in eastern Hebei.?2?Yield effect of N,P and K on Maize:the absence of N,P or K fertilization significantly decreased the biomasses and yields,the absence of N and P fertilization mainly reduced the grains per spike,whereas the 100-grain weight was significantly decreased without K fertilization.Where the yields of-N?PK?,-P?NK?,-K?NP?,1/2N?PK?,1/2P?NK?,1/2K?NP?were 80.5%,83.2%,83.7%,94.0%,94.6%,92.5%,95.1%of that for NPK,the difference reached a significant level.The treatment yields were in the order of NPK>2/3N?PK?>1/2P?NK?>1/2N?PK?>1/2K?NP?>-K?NP?>-P?NK?>-N?PK?.According to the yield of 7679.5 kg/hm² and the application rates 225,90 and120 kg/hm² for N,P₂O₅ and K₂O,the apparent nutrient balances of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O in the NPK were 69.99 kg/hm²,-4.75 kg/hm² and-19.93 kg/hm²,respectively,when considering about soil supply of NPK,the actual nutrient balances of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O in the NPK were 191.93 kg/hm²?29.01 kg/hm²?56.42 kg/hm²,respectively.Based on the soil fertility status?high available phosphorus,low available potassium?in maize production area in eastern Hebei Province,the techniques of efficient fertilization in maize production were raised:satisfying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer,reducing potassium fertilizer,the basal application rates of 112.5-168.75,45.0-90.0 and 30.0-60.0 kg/hm² for N,P₂O₅and K₂O are recommended for the spring maizet production in eastern Hebei.?3?Late application of nitrogen fertilizer:1)compared with no fertilizer treatment,the pods per strain and 100 pod weight of fertilization treatment was significantly increased,and the yield increased 12.6%and 9.9%,respectively,and the difference reached a significant level.Compared with the conventional fertilization?N,P₂O₅,K₂O are 108kg/hm²?,the optimum fertilization?N,P₂O₅,K₂O were 90 kg/hm²,topdressing N 34.5kg/hm² at pegging stage?increased the pods per strain and increased the yield by 9.6%,compared with the conventional fertilization?N,P₂O₅,K₂O were 90 kg/hm²?.The difference reached significant level.On the basis of optimized fertilization,the basal fertilizer was replaced with organic fertilizer 1500 kg/hm²,the pods per strain was reduced by 5.5,and the yield was decreased by 9.1%.2)optimal nitrogen management:compared with conventional fertilization?N,P₂O₅,K₂O both were 108 kg/hm²?,there was no significant difference in peanut yield by increasing or decreasing 30%nitrogen fertilizer;compared with conventional fertilization,the yield of optimized fertilization?N,P₂O₅,K₂O both were 78.75 kg/hm²,topdressing N 34.5kg/hm² at pegging stage?increased by 10.7%and 5.5%,respectively,and the difference reached significant level.On the basis of optimized fertilization,when base fertilizer was replaced with organic fertilizer 1500kg/hm²,the yield decreased by 15.8%and 8.3%,respectively,and the difference reached significant level.Recommended optimal fertilization scheme:recommended basal fertilizer N,P₂O₅,K₂O for peanut planting both were 78.75 kg/hm²,topdressing N 34.5kg/hm² at pegging stage.?4?Reducing fertilizations on peanut:1)base fertilizer reduction:compared with base fertilization?N,P₂O₅ and K₂O both for 90 kg/hm²?,the amount of base fertilizer increased or decreased by 25%on peanut had no significant impact on biomasses,pods per strain,100 pod weight and yield.2)yield effect of different application amount of organic fertilizer on peanut:compared with organic fertilizer 1800 kg/hm²,Reducing the amount of organic fertilizer applied reduced the pods per strain and the 100-pod weight,thereby reduced peanut yield.3)Yield effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on peanuts:in the case where the total nutrient dose of NPK was 270kg/hm²,compared with single application of chemical fertilizer or single application of organic fertilizer,the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to nutrient 1:1 increased the pods per strain and the 100-pod weight significantly,the yield increased by 6.3%and17.0%respectively,and the difference reached significant level.In summary,the yield effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on peanuts and spring maize were significantly decreased by non-fertilizer.The yield of peanut was reduced by reducing the number of fruit per plant and the number of grains per ear of maize without nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer,and the yield of peanut was mainly reduced by the application of potassium fertilizer,and the yield of maize was reduced by 100 grain weight.Through base fertilizer reduction,later nitrogen regulation,organic and inorganic combined application to achieve reducing fertilizer use and increasing fertilizer efficiency.