Study On Key Technology Of Applying Bio-organic Fertilizer And Reducing Chemical Fertilizer In Summer Maize

In recent years,in pursuit of increasing grain production and income,farmers have applied excessive fertilizers,heavy fertilizers and light organic fertilizers,resulting in a series of soil quality problems,such as enrichment of phosphorus and potassium in agricultural soil,decline of organic matter and microbial diversity.Therefore,how to effectively utilize soil nutrient accumulation,reduce the amount of fertilizer and improve soil quality has become a hot issue in the field of agricultural research.As a new type of fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer has the advantages of dissolving phosphorus and potassium,improving crop yield,quality and soil quality.Bio-organic fertilizer is widely used in some crops with high economic value such as facility vegetables,which can significantly improve the yield and quality of crops.However,only sporadic reports have been found on the application of field crops.Taking summer corn as the research object,this paper discusses the effects of increasing application of biological organic fertilizer and decreasing application of chemical fertilizer in different dosage ratios and applying fertilizer in different stages on the yield,quality,agronomic characteristics and soil biochemical indexes of corn,and puts forward the technology of reducing application of chemical fertilizer on summer corn in north China.The main research results are as follows:According to micro-plot experiment where bio-organic fertilizers with different volume were increased after reduction of fertilize of 20%in fields,compared with the ordinary fertilization,G4 processing?reduction of fertilize of 20%+bio-organic fertilizers750kg/hm²?holds the most dominant increase of all processing.Yield has increased by9.78%;crude protein has increased by 6.95%;crude fat has increased by 12.11%;accumulation of plant nitrogen has increased by 11.94%,accumulation of potassium has went up by12.47%;soil available phosphorus has went up by 24.72%on average;alkaline phosphatase activity has increased 12.01%;fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic efficiency have increased by 37.10%and 61.11%respectively.Therefore,G4 processing can be considered as an application amount scheme of reduction fertilizer of bio-organic fertilizers for the increase of summer maize.According to micro-plot experiment where fertilizer with different volume has been decreased after the application of bio-organic fertilizer of 750kg/hm² in fields,compared with the ordinary fertilization,in the combination consisting of the application of bio-organic fertilizer and the reduction of fertilize with different volume,the enhancing effect of T2 processing is the best relevant to the significant indicators such as yield and quality of corn,edaphon and so on.Its yield has increased by 8.48%;crude fat has increased by 18.32%;alkaline phosphatase activity has went up by 16.35%;soil biomass carbon and nitrogen have went up by 63.72%and 45.11%respectively,and index of Chao1 has increased by 49.6%.It can be seen that the dosage of T2 processing is consistent with the result of micro-plot experiment and the advantage of combination consisting of reduction of fertilize of 20%and bio-organic fertilizer of 750 kg/hm² can be further decided.According to the results of field experiments of split application,it can be believed that compared with disposable application when bio-organic fertilizer+fertilizer is taken as seed manure,the yield of bio-organic fertilizer as seed manure+topdressing fertilizer at seeding stage has obviously increased by 7.23%,and soil available potassium and total nitrogen have been went up by 11.10%and 18.75%respectively.In conclusion,this article proposes the key technology to reducing fertilizer of bio-organic fertilizer of summer maize:to reduce fertilizer of 20%and to increase bio-organic fertilizer of 750 kg/hm²,and the amounts of pure nutrition are N 120.68kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 30.84 kg/hm²,and K₂O 50.53 kg/hm²;organic content of bio-organic fertilizer is 300 kg/hm²;viable count is 1.5×10⁵ billion.And bio-organic fertilizer is advised to be disposable application of seed manure to meet the growth needs of maize seedling,while,the application fertilizer can be delayed to seedling stage to extend fertilizer efficiency and to increase yield.This technology has provided important the theoretical foundation applied by reducing fertilizer and increasing bio-organic fertilizer of summer maize in North China.