Effects Of Eupatorium Adenophorum Compost On Soil,seed Germination And Growth,and Grape Yield And Quality

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.is one of the most harmful invasive alien plants in China.It has caused great disasters to agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and ecological environment in southwest China.The prevention and control methods of E.adenophorum such as artificial removal,pesticide spraying and biological control are ineffective.Exploring the method of harmless treatment and resource utilization is becoming an important direction in the study of its control.However,the attempts,such as making dyes,pesticides and feedstuffs,have not been extended due to high production costs or unsatisfactory application effects.Therefore,it is necessary to continue to explore new economical and effective elimination methods.Our research group prepared compost by microbial agents decomposing fresh E.adenophorum in situ.This method has the advantages of low cost and easy popularization.In this paper,the effects of the compost on soil nutrients,microbial characteristics,germination and growth of three vegetable seeds,as well as on grape yield and quality were verified by indoor and field experiments.And we expect it can objectively evaluate the compost quality and fertilizer efficiency of E.adenophorum,provide scientific reference for the control of E.adenophorum,and serve for the agricultural production.The main results are as follows:1)The results showed that E.adenophorum compost（M）met NY525/2011,the state standard of organic fertilizer,excepted moisture which was higher than that in the standard and M quality was better than natural compost.During 120-day incubation,the addition chemical fertilizer treatment（CF）decreased the numbers of fungi and actinomycetes in contrast to bacteria which changed little.Providing soil with CF+M or M increased organic matter,microbial carbon and nitrogen,and the numbers of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in soils.In the soil with CF,alkaline-hydrolyzed N and the activities of urease and sucrase in early incubation stage were much higher than CK（blank control）,while they showed similar to CK in the late stage.In the soil with CF+M or M,alkaline-hydrolyzed N was higher than CK and changed flatly in whole incubation period.Activities of soil enzymes,including catalase,urease,acid phosphatase,and sucrose,were higher than CF and CK.2)The effects of different concentrations of E adenophorum decompost extract（EDE）and fresh E.adenophorum extract（EFE）on seed germination and seedling growth of three vegetable species were compared by germination test,in order to detect the decomposition effect of the compost.EDE increased the content of free amino acid and soluble sugar in seeds.While the contents of free amino acid and soluble sugar in seeds treated with 10.0 g·L^-1 EFE were significantly lower than that treated with CK,which was not conducive to seed germination.EDE could promote the growth of seedlings,and the height,root growth and biomass of radish seedlings treated with 10.0 g·L^-1 EDE increased by53.76%,51.49%and 61.96%compared with CK treatment,respectively.The nitrate reductase activity and root activity of these three vegetable seedlings also increased in varying degrees.Low concentration of EFE(0.100 g·L^-1,1.00 g·L^-1)had no significant effect on seed germination,but the germination rates of rape,Chinese cabbage and radish treated with 10.0 g·L^-1 EFE were 13.51%,20.36%and 30.37%lower than that of the control,respectively.The MDA content of seedling leaves was higher,the seedlings were short and their growth were stressed.The allelopathic response index of EFE treatment was higher which indicated a strong an allelopathic effect.3)The field experiment indicated no significant variation in grape yields among fertilizer treatments,but larger size,heaver weight,and higher soluble solids,sugars and sugar/acid rate of the grapes in M75（25%chemical fertilizer+75%organic fertilizer）treatment than only chemical fertilizer.Simultaneously,vitamin C increased but nitrate decreased in grapes as the amount of organic fertilizer application increased.Although soils received M50（50%chemical fertilizer+50%organic fertilizer）and M75 showed similar in microbial carbon and nitrogen,microbial carbon increased from 23.2%to29.4%and microbial nitrogen from 17.5%to 20.8%,respectively,compared to chemical fertilizer treatment.There were more the cultural bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes present in the soils received organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer in turning stage.Furthermore,application of organic fertilizer alleviated soil acidification.The activities of catalase,urease,and invertase in soils varied in grape growth periods and synchronized with the nutrient requirement of grape plants.Application of organic fertilizer in combination with chemical fertilizer at proper proportions stimulated soil enzyme activities.To sum up,E.adenophorum compost prepared by decomposition of specific microbial agents is of good quality and non-toxicity,and it is conducive to soil fertility and crop quality improvement.Therefore,to compost plant bodies of E.adenophorum could be an effective way to make the harmfulness into benefits and to utilize this invasive plant as fertilizer recourses in the agricultural production areas where E.adenophorum is overspreading.