| Urinary stones are a common nutritional metabolic disease in canine.The incidence of calcium oxalate urinary stones is increasing year by year,and its incidence in human diseases is also high.Therefore,it is of great importance to prevent calcium oxalate urinary stone by adding feed additives.In this study,45 cases of naturally occurring urolithiasis in a number of representative animal hospitals in Nanjing from 2016 to 2018 were investigated.Relevant urinary stone samples were collected,and the composition of stones was analyzed by kit.A feed additive for the prevention of urolithiasis in dogs was developed and fed in an animal model of calcium oxalate urinary stones in rats.The blood and urine related biochemical indicators,the antioxidant indicators of the kidney,renal histopathological changes and the expression level of OPN of canine model urinary stones were studied.Used to evaluate the effect of the Anti-Stones OX.The preventive effect of the Anti-Stones OX on clinically cured dogs with naturally occurring calcium oxalate stones was studied.Through the detection of biochemical indicators of related blood and urine to evaluate its clinical prevention value.Test Ⅰ:Investigation of the incidence of urolithiasis in NanjingThis study collected 45 cases of naturally occurring urolithiasis from a number of representative animal hospital outpatient clinics in Nanjing from 2016 to 2018.The stone composition was analyzed using a kit and an epidemiological investigation was conducted on the affected dogs.The results showed that of the 45 cases investigated,48.89%(22/45)of struvite and 31.11%(14/45)of calcium oxalate stones were found.Urate stones accounting for 15.56%(7/45),calcium phosphate accounted for 2.22%(1/45),and composite stones accounted for 2.22%(1/45).The proportion of calcium oxalate stones was significantly increased.The dietary habits,age,sex,and breed of the affected dogs had a certain degree of relationship with the site and type of stones.Test Ⅱ:Effect of the Anti-Stones OX on ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate stones in ratsIn this study,a rat model of calcium oxalate stones was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection of 10%calcium gluconate 1.5 mL,and 1%ethylene glycol and 1%ammonium chloride free drinking water.For experimental animals,30 male rats weighing 160-190 g were randomly divided into a blank control group,a stone modeling group,the first test group,the second test group,the third test group.Each group were fed the basal rat grain.The doses of the Anti-Stones OX in the feeds of each test group were 8 capsules,16 capsules,24 capsules per kilogram.On the 8th day of the test,the use of mold-forming agents was stopped.Feed intake and body weight changes were recorded periodically during the test and the mental status and death of the rats were observed.Urine pH,serum calcium,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,urinary calcium,and urinary oxalate were measured on the 0th,7th,and 14th day in each group and the clinical changes of the kidneys were observed.Take one side of the kidneys to make a pathological section.The rat kidney OPN expression was measured.The results showed that:With the application of modeling reagents,the feeding conditions of the modeling group and each test group continued to decline.And the weight loss of the test groups was slightly less than that of the model group.Feed intake of the second test group was significantly higher than that of the model group.On the 7th and 14th days of the test,the urine pH of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group and the second test group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the second test group compared with the control group(P>0.05).For serum calcium,serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations,the model group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the second test group and the control group(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference between each test group(P>0.05).The urinary calcium and urinary oxalate concentrations in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the urinary calcium concentration test between the second test group and the control group(P>0.05).Except for the obvious edema of the kidney on the 14th day of the model group,there was no significant difference in the eye view of the kidney in the each test group.On the 7th day of the experiment,a large amount of crystals appeared in the modeling group,and the renal parenchyma was edema and the boundary was blurred.The kidney structure of the control group was clear.Of each text group,the renal structure of the second group was more complete.On the 14th day,the renal stone crystals in the model group were distributed in large numbers and accumulated in a pile,and the renal tubular structure was completely destroyed.The expression of OPN in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).It shows that feeding the Anti-Stones OX can effectively prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.Test Ⅲ:Clinical Application of the Anti-Stones OX in Prevention of Calcium Oxalate Stone in DogsIn this study,9 cases of calcium oxalate stones in 45 cases of stone were selected as subjects and randomly divided into two groups The test group was fed Anti-Stones OX and the control group was only followed up.Blood calcium,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,urine specific gravity and pH,urinary calcium,urinary oxalate,urea nitrogen concentration were measured.The results show:There was no significant difference in the urine specific gravity,urine pH,urine urea nitrogen,and blood biochemical tests during the test(P>0.05).On the 90th day of the experiment,the Anti-Stones OX significantly reduced the urinary calcium and urinary calcium concentration(P<0.05).This shows that the Anti-Stones OX can reduce the degree of kidney damage and have a very positive clinical significance in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate stones in dogs. |
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