| In order to study the similarities and differences between the physiological and ecological characteristics of grapes under the off-season technology and the normal season cultivation,and provding new research ideas and directions to the off-season grapes cultivation technology.In this experiment,the "Zuijinxiang" grapes were used as the test material,through the off-season cultivation technology,the sprouting characteristics under different pruning and remaining bud modes were explored as well as the effects of different temperatures and different supplementary light treatments on the grapes.The light response curve and net photosynthetic rate of summer and winter grapes as well as photosynthetic parameters such as stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were measured with the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis instrument.The microstructure and ultrastructure of th leaves were observed,the conclusions are as follows:1,Among treatments with different buds numbers and pruning time,the sprout rate of the branches pruned on August 23 and September 2 were the highest;the branches pruned on August 21st had the highest fruit rate,and 3,4,5 remained buds of the grapes have higher sprout rate and fruit rate than other treatments;2,Low temperature treatment at night in winter will reduce the fruit water content,VC and total sugar content,increase the soluble protein and titratable acid content of the fruit.Among them,the grapes under treatment A(night temperature 7℃)have higher tranverse and longitudinal diameters and soluble solids content,as well as the highest comprehensive quality.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of the vegetative period in winter are similar to the levels of the vegetative period in summer.During the maturity period in winter,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate are lower than the summer control,and the intercellular CO2 concentration are higher than the summer comtrol,there is no significant difference in stomatal conductance among them;At the night temperature of 7℃.the growth level of the frontal cells of grape leaves has not significantly different from that in summer.The leaf stomatal length,stomatal width,stomatal circumference and stomatal area under the night temperature treatments are significant increase;3,The light compensation point and light saturation point of winter grapes are higher than that in summer;the maximum net photosynthetic rate in summer is higher than that in winter;the leaf thickness of winter grapes becomes thinner as the fruit go mature,the thickness of the palisade tissue decreases,and the thickness of the sponge tissue increases.After the combination of providing supplementary light with red and white light,it can effectively improve the structure of the leaf tissue,increase the thickness of the palisade tissue,sponge tissue and the leaf,increase the tightness of the leaf tissue,and significantly reduce the phenomenon of leaf aging;4,Grape leaves in winter enter senescence earlier than summer,and the number osmiophilic granule increases and lipid balls appear.Under the combined treatment of white light and red and white light,the leaf cell morphology is completed,while partly of the chloroplast swells,and there are more lipid balls and osmiophilic granule apear.Under the red light treatment,the chloroplasts were obviously disintegrating,while the thickness of other tissue of the leaves were not significantly changedIn summary,the characteristics of germination and flowering of "Zuijinxiang" grapes would be better when pruned on August 21st in Yangzhou with 3-5 buds left.Keeping the temperature above 7℃ at night can maintain the normal life activity of the off-season grapes.Appropriate supplementation light treatments would help to increase the leaf photosynthesis,and proper top dressing with suitable management methods would help to cultivate robust secondary branches and leaves,providing a good energy supply foundation for fruit growth and development. |
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