Selection Of Sexual Hybrid Parents And Combinations Of Jujube

In order to solve the problems of emasculation,embryo abortion and incompatibility in hybrid breeding.Among the 164 jujube varieties from the Jujube Germplasm Resources Garden of Tarim University,Based on the study of pollen fertility,fruiting characteristics and self fertility of different jujube varieties,the mechanism of male sterility and embryo abortion of jujube was explored from the level of cytology and hormone,and the experiment of artificial controlled hybridization was carried out,and the fruiting characteristics and fertility of different hybrid combinations were compared.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of parents and hybrid combinations in hybrid breeding,the main results are as follows:1.There were significant differences in pollen germination rate and pollen amount of single drug between different jujube varieties.In the yellow bud stage,the pollen germination rate was generally low,and the amount of single pollen was in the positive distribution,but the distribution with a skewness greater than 0 shifted to the direction of low amount of single pollen.Baodeyouzao,Jikang1hao,Xupujidanzao and other jujube have high pollen germination rate and large amount of pollen,so they can be used as hybrid parents.mong them,there were no pollen grains in Zaocuiwang,Jinlingyuanzao and S-182.Cytological observation showed that the tapetum was abnormal in the yellow bud stage,the anther anther chamber was empty and shriveled,and there was no trace of pollen.Early crisp king and Jinling round jujube are male sterile.Linxianshuituanzao,Fucuimi,Xuanchengyuanzao,Yuanling2hao belong to self-fruitless and antural-fertility or self-sterility and antural-fertility,high fertility rate,high quality and good quality.They are ideal hybrid female parents.2.There were significant differences in hormones in the single flower opening stage of different pollen fertility varieties of jujube.The yellow bud stage of Dongzao and Zaocuiwang GA₃ was the lowest,and then began to rise to the maximum value of sepal spreading stage,but it was lower than Fengmiguan and Dabailing.The change of IAA content was similar to that of GA₃,but the ABA content of Dongzao and Zaocuiwang was significantly higher than that of Fengmiguan and Dabailing in the single flower opening stage,and reached the maximum value in the petal leaving stage.3.Through the investigation of embryo fertility rate of 136 jujube varieties,it is found that the fertility rate of different varieties is quite different,and the fertility rate of most jujube varieties is relatively low.The fertility rate of different size fruit of the same variety is different,and the fertility rate of big fruit and small fruit of some jujube varieties is high,but the fertility rate of small fruit is low.During the growth and development of jujube fruit,the content of hormone affects the fertility of fruit.The content of IAA and GA₃ in Seedless flesh is higher than that in the flesh of jujube variety.The high content of IAA and GA₃results in the strong competitive ability of flesh nutrition.The ovule nutrition of fruit is deficient in the growth and development stage,resulting in embryo abortion.4.In 2018-2019,13 hybrid combinations were hybridized by control for two consecutive years,and9401 fruits and 773 seeds were obtained.The difference of seed setting characteristics and fertility characteristics among different hybrid combinations is large,and the kernel percentage in 2019 is lower than that in 2018.Among them,the three hybrid combinations of Fengmiguan×Shandongpingguozao,Dongzao×Yueguang and Dongzao×Wanshuyuanling had higher seed setting rate and kernel content,so the compatibility was better.