Effect Of Biochar-based Fertilizer On Maize Rhizosp Here Microenvironment,Root Growth Root Growth And Yield Formation

Maize(Zea mays L.)is the largest food crop in Heilongjiang Province.In recent years,unreasonable fertilization measures such as excessive fertilization,single fertilization,and partial fertilization have not only caused waste of resources and low fertilizer utilization,but also seriously polluted farmland soil.Biochar-based fertilizer is a new type of organic mixed fertilizer produced by adding biochar as a loading matrix and adding a certain proportion of chemical fertilizers.It can not only play a role of slow-release nutrients,provide sufficient nutrients for crop growth,but also improve soil p Hysical and chemical properties and optimize The root growth environment promotes material conversion,absorption and transport between soil,roots and crops.In order to explore the effect of biochar-based fertilizer on the rhizosp Here soil microenvironment and maize root system,In this experiment,two maize varieties of Xianyu 335 and Jingke 968 were selected,and six treatments were set,namely,no fertilization,conventional chemical fertilizer,biochar-based fertilizer 3 t/hm~2,3.75 t/hm~2,4.5 t/hm~2 and 5.25 t/hm~2,To study the effect of biochar-based fertilizer on soil p Hysical and chemical properties,nutrient status,root growth and yield,and provide theoretical basis and technical reference for high-yield corn cultivation.The following conclusions are drawn through experiments:1.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly reduced the soil PH value in the later growth period,and it gradually decreased with the increase of the biochar-based fertilizer application.Biochar-based fertilizer can significantly improve the conductivity of the soil solution.On July 8,the soil conductivity of the two varieties was the highest at 3.75 t treatment,which were 259.38%and 169.26%higher than the chemical fertilizer.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the biochar-flux of the soil.Xianyu 335,except on August 16,the 4.5 t treatment was significantly higher than the chemical fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment.The soil biochar-flux of Jingke 968 increased first with the increase of the biochar-based fertilizer application.The downward trend reached the maximum at 4.5 t treatment on July 8 and July 28,and reached the maximum at 3.75 t treatment on August 16 and September 4.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available p Hosp Horus,and available potassium in the topsoil.The effect was significant in the late growth period,indicating that the biochar-based fertilizer has a certain slow-release effect on nutrients.2.Biochar-based fertilizer has a significant effect on soil enzyme activity,and significantly improves soil neutral p Hosp Hatase activity in the later growth period.The activities of soil?-glucosidase and?-xylosidase increased first and then decreased with the growth period.On August16,Xianyu 335 and Jingke 968?-glucosidase activities were at 3 t and The treatment at 3.75 t was significantly higher than other treatments,and the?-xylosidase of the two varieties reached the highest at 3.75 t.The activities of polyp Henol oxidase and catalase were on September 4th and September 26th,and both varieties reached their maximum value when treated at 5.25 t.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the soil bacterial diversity index(Fragrant Index,ACE Index and Chao1 Index),had no significant effect on the fungal diversity index,and significantly increased the soil bacterial and fungal population abundance.3.Biochar-based fertilizer improves the total root length,root volume,root area and number of root tips of maize.On August 16,the fertilizer treatment changed the color of most roots from milky white to dark brown,the root clarity decreased,the number of roots decreased,the root volume decreased significantly,the roots began to age,and the number and volume of roots treated with biochar-based fertilizer remained stable The color of the root system is milky white,the shape and structure are clear,and there is basically no aging.The treatment with biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the dry weight of roots at 0-15cm on plants,15-30cm and 30-45cm between plants,and 0-15cm between ridges,forming wide and deep high-yield root systems.4.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the bleeding rate.On July 8,Xianyu 335and Jingke 968 reached their maximum values when treated at 3 t and 3.75 t,respectively.Biochar-based fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on amino acid content,but significantly increased the amino acid transport rate on July 8 and August 16.The inorganic p Hosp Horus transport rate showed a gradual decrease with the growth period.On July 8,the ammonium nitrogen content and transport rate of the two varieties reached the maximum at 4.5 t and 3.75 t treatment,which was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment,and showed a gradual downward trend with the growth period.The soluble sugar content was low in the early stage and increased rapidly on September 4.Both varieties reached the maximum value at 4.5 t treatment,and the transport rate reached the maximum value at 3.75 t treatment.5.Fertilization significantly increased maize yield,and with the increase in the amount of biochar-based fertilizer application showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.At 4.5 t,maize yield reached the maximum value.