Effects Of Wood Vinegar-Biochar-Beneficial Microorganism On Soil With Continuously Mono-cropped Pepper

Soil obstacle caused by continuously mono-cropped chili pepper is one of the important factors that hinder the growth of pepper plants.Biochar and wood vinegar are by products of activated carbon manufacture.If both are applied in farmland with soil obstacle by continuously mono-cropped chili pepper,it will be better pathway to reuse the wastes from the systems of agriculture and forest.The previous studies showed that the application of biochar,wood vinegar and beneficial microorganisms might reduce the soil obstacle of continuously mono-cropped crops.Therefore,a serial of experiments have been conducted to explore effects of wood vinegar on seeds germination and seedling growth of chili pepper,the inhibition of wood vinegar on pathogenic microorganisms,and the impacts of biochar-wood vinegar-bacillus subtilis BX1 or penicillium oxalicum HB1 on chili pepper growth and the characteristics of soil with continuously mono-cropped pepper.The main results are as follows:1.Wood vinegar promoting seeds germination and seedling growth of chili pepperThe concentrated wood vinegar inhibited the seeds germination and seedling growth of chili pepper,but the concentrated wood vinegar filtered by biochar or activated carbon significantly reduced the inhibition on seeds germination and the growth of seedlings.The concentrated wood vinegar diluted for 250 times with water promoted significantly the seed germination and seedling growth of pepper,seed germination rate,germination index,relative seedling height and root tolerance index were improved significantly compared with the control,accounting for 10.38%,13.06%,132.34%and 36.01%.2.Wood vinegar inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganismsThe concentrated wood vinegar diluted for 250 times promoted the growth of bacillus suhlilis significantly and the amount of bacillus subtilis increased by 233.93%compared with the control(P<0.05).However,the concentrated wood vinegar diluted for 250 times inhibited of fusarium oxysporum type ? for pepper and fusarium oxysporum type ? for pepper significantly.The diameters of these two fungi reduced by 5.27%and 6.23%compared with the control(P<0.05),respectively.3.The wood vinegar-biochar-microorganism impacting the growth of chili pepper and the characteristics of soil with continuously mono-cropped pepperThe wood vinegar-biochar-microorganism promoted the growth of pepper.At flowering stage,the application of biochar,biochar+beneficial microorganisms,biochar+wood vinegar+beneficial microorganisms increased significantly the pepper plant height,stem diameter,biomass,flowers,ratio of root to shoot and fresh weight of single fruit,especially for the treatment of biochar+bacillus subtilis,the single fruit weight of pepper increased significantly by 70.09%,and the addition of bacillus subtilis can make the time of flowering and fruit of pepper earlier.The wood vinegar-biochar-microorganism alleviates the continuous cropping obstacles.The application of biochar,biochar+beneficial microorganisms,biochar+wood vinegar+beneficial microorganisms increased the concentrations of organic matter in soil by 68.09%-143.24%.However,the application of biochar+beneficial microorganisms,biochar+wood vinegar+beneficial microorganisms decreased soil pH and increased the levels of available P significantly.Moreover,the treatment of biochar+wood vinegar+penicillium oxalicum HB1 reduced markedly the levels of soil total phenol by 44.63%(P<0.05).The amount of soil actinomycetes was significantly increased by application of biochar,biochar+beneficial microorganisms,and the treatments of biochar+beneficial microorganisms,biochar+wood vinegar+beneficial microorganisms increased the ratios of soil bacteria to fungi,especially for the application of biochar+bacillus subtilis increase of 229.92%.In summary,the diluted wood vinegar could enhance seeds germination and seedlings growth of chili pepper,and even the growing of bacillus subtilis,while inhibit pathogenic microorganisms offusarium oxysporum type ? and ? significantly.Wood vinegar+biochar+bacillus subtilis would be a better pathway to alleviate the soil obstacle caused by pepper continuous cropping at seedling stage and flowering stage.