| As the main food crop in China,winter wheat is of great significance in agricultural production and national food security.As one of the essential nutrients of plant growth and development,potassium plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development,yield and quality of winter wheat.However,the phenomenon of soil potassium deficiency is becoming more and more serious in China,and the potassium resources are far from meeting the needs of agricultural production,what's more,the utilization rate of potassium is pretty low.So it is of great significance to explore the metabolic mechanism of potassium affecting the formation of crop yield and quality.In this paper,49 Winter Wheat Varieties(resources)that are suitable for production in Hebei Province are selected to measure its soil,plant potassium Content and Potassium Absorption potassium content and potassium absorption,yield and and quality related traits.The principal component analysis method was used to calculate the comprehensive index evaluation value(D value).Using the D value as an index,through the low potassium tolerance of winter wheat was determined by cluster analysis according to the clustering results and then two winter wheat varieties with the low potassium tolerance type(Kenong 9204)and the low potassium sensitivity type(Shixin 828)were selected to further study the carbon and nitrogen metabolism mechanism of yield and quality formation.In the end,it provides the basis for revealing the regulation mechanism of low potassium tolerance in winter wheat.The main results are as follows:(1)Under the treatment of soil potassium deficiency,the slow-release potassium,available potassium,stem,leaf,seed,plant potassium and potassium absorption of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(resources)were decreased by 7.03%-64.08%,5.50%-113.22%,14.02%-240.61%,0.21%-50.89%,14.82%-166.77%and 16.47%-284.99%of normal potassium treatment.(2)Under the treatment of soil potassium deficiency,the plant height,leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,aboveground biomass,grain yield,1000 grain weight,grain number per ear and spike length of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(resources)were decreased by 0.01%-69.00%;17.92%-147.50%;5.88%-111.54%;29.74%-405.57%of normal potassium treatment 0.63%-62.68%,4.43%-80.11%,1.51%-69.60%,0.03%-99.90%,0.02%-58.40%.(3)Under the treatment of soil potassium deficiency,the protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,water absorption,stretching area and ductility of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(resources)were decreased by 0.07%-23.83%,0.38%-24.58%,1.42%-40.65%,0.17%-6.15%,0.19%-76.91%and 0.72%-24.43%,but the starch content was higher than the normal one 0.03%-13.67%of potassium treatment-(4)According to the low potassium tolerance coefficient of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(resources),the principal component analysis method was used to calculate the comprehensive index evaluation value(D value).Using the D value as an index,through the low potassium tolerance of winter wheat was determined by cluster analysis.The strong low potassium tolerance(D>0.700)Kenong9204,Cangmai119,Jimai38,Henong826,the lower potassium tolerance(0.300<D<0.400)D08-6,Shannong20,Shixin828.(5)There was no significant difference in chlorophyll content,carbon metabolite content and grain nitrogen metabolite content in flag leaf of Low Potassium Tolerant winter wheat(konong 9204).The content of chlorophyll and carbon in flag leaf of low potassium sensitive type(Shixin 828)winter wheat was significantly different,with a decrease of 3.29-10.85%and 3.29-10.85%respectively.The content of total soluble sugar,sucrose,glucose and fructose in flag leaf was increasing,with a significant increase of 14.37-119.08%,16.63-68.00%,16.63-68.00%and 23.41-80.37%respectively.The decrease of activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase was 32.28-538.67%and 48.51-421.48%respectively.There was a significant difference between nitrogen content and crude protein content in the sensitive winter wheat grain and the decrease of them was 29.87-90.33%and 15.56-66.12%respectively.The difference of grain protein component and nitrate reductase activity in low potassium resistant winter wheat was not significant,but that in sensitive winter wheat was significant.The activities of albumin,gliadin,glutenin and nitrate reductase decreased by 3.73-26.02%,17.92-38.81%,6.33-35.81%and 13.89-33.89%,respectively.And the globulin increased by 2.57-64.15%.The lack of potassium in the soil results in the decrease of photosynthesis,the decrease of photosynthetic products,the inhibition of invertase and nitrate reductase activities,the decrease of sugar accumulation and carbon content in flag leaves,the decrease of nitrogen and crude protein content in grains,and the change of protein components,resulting in an imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.In summary,soil potassium deficiency leads to a decrease in potassium absorption of different winter wheat varieties,which in turn affects growth and yield formation,declines in quality,and imbalances in carbon and nitrogen metabolism,lies a theoretical foundation for revealing the regulatory mechanism of low-potassium tolerance in winter wheat. |
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