| In view of the huge market demand for high-quality bamboo shoots,take Phyllostachys Prominens as the research object.The effects of environmental changes at elevation as well as artificial disturbances such as fertilization,soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation and shoot harvest time on the bamboo growth and shoot quality of Phyllostachys Prominens were studied.Discussion on the environmental conditions and management measures,which were conducive to the cultivation of Phyllostachys Prominens bamboo shoot.Aim to providing theoretical support for the cultivation of high-quality bamboo shoots.1 DBH?relative under branch height? relative total height?wall thickness ratio?relative crown length?the number of nodes?angles between the culm and branches?leaf weight?leaf area?leaf perimeter?leaf length?FAW?FAA of Phyllostachys Prominens were markedly influenced by altitudinal gradient(P<0.05).Internode length?oblate ratio?crown breadth?angles between branches?branch length?leaf width?leaf length-width ratio ? SLA ? FAP of Phyllostachys Prominens showed no significant difference among different altitudes(P>0.05).In conclusion,Morphological characteristics of Phyllostachys Prominens was influenced by altitudinal gradients,culm form was most sensitive to elevation,then phylliform,crown was lest sensitive to elevation,middle elevation is more conducive to culm form and phylliform growth,high altitude is more conducive to crown growth.2 Shoot diameter,length,individual weight,edible parts ratios,soluble sugar,vitamin C,cystine,tyrosine and proportion of essential amino acids,tannin,oxalic acid of bamboo shoots were markedly influenced by altitudinal gradient(P<0.05).Protein,fat,starch,total flavone,other amino acids,essential amino acids,total amino acid,cellulose,lignose,the content of bitter,delicious,sweet amino acids and proportion of sweet,delicious amino acids showed no significant difference among different altitudes(P>0.05),but content of aromatic amino acid,proportion of aromatic amino acids and bitter amino acids were also significantly affected by altitudinal gradients(P<0.05).It was suggested that appearance quality of bamboo shoots was markedly influenced by altitudinal gradients,appearance quality of shoots at middle elevation and high altitude were superior to that of low altitude.Nutrition quality and eating quality of bamboo shoots were relatively obvious influenced by altitudinal gradients.3 With the increasing elevation gradient,except Phe + Tyr,the content of other essential amino acids in bamboo shoots,EAAI and SRC,AAS,RC and CS reduced gradually,but there was no significant effect on the protein contents in bamboo shoots.The content of essential amino acids in bamboo shoots is relatively low,and Threonine is the first limiting amino acid of bamboo shoots.There are obvious differences in protein nutritional value of bamboo shoots at different altitudes.Bamboo shoots from low altitude were relatively better in amino acid nutritional value,utilization rate,amino acid balance,and approximation to model amino acids.That is,bamboo shoots from low altitude has the higher quality of protein nutrition.4 Shoot diameter,individual weight,edible parts ratios,protein,vitamin C,tannin,total flavone and A few kinds of amino acids,Total amino acid,proportion of essential amino acids were markedly influenced by fertilization(P<0.05),Fertilization had no significant effect on length,starch,fat,soluble sugar,oxalic acid,cellulose,lignose and most other kinds of amino acids of bamboo shoots(P>0.05).Special fertilizer for bamboo shoots can significantly improve the appearance quality of bamboo shoots.As the amount of fertilizer increased,the appearance quality of bamboo shoots was continuously improved.However,fertilization was not conducive to the formation of nutritional quality and eating quality of bamboo shoots,there was no significant difference in nutritive quality and taste quality of bamboo shoots between medium and high fertilization treatments.Fertilization had a significant positive effect on the appearance quality of bamboo shoots,but it has obvious negative effects on nutritional quality and eating quality.5 Researchs showed that Fertilization had no significant effect on the contents of protein and essential amino acids of bamboo shoots,but had a significant effect on the formation of protein nutritional value of bamboo shoots.with the increase of fertilizer amount,Except phenylalanine + tyrosine,AAS,RC,CS,EAAI and SRC of essential amino acids showed a decreasing trend,and methionine + cystine is the first limiting amino acid of Phyllostachys Prominens bamboo shoots.It is indicated that excessive fertilization is not conducive to the formation of nutritional value of bamboo shoots.In the present management of bamboo shoot,we should pay attention to the reduction of fertilizer application.6 Results showed that compared with CK,soil covering management with moderate thicknesses(? 30 cm)influenced content of N,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),soluble protein,soluble sugar,and root activity significantly(P<0.05),but the content of C,P,C/P,N/P,and relative electrical conductivity of those treatment changed slightly(P>0.05).With soil covering thickness increaseing,content of N,MDA,soluble protein,SOD,POD,and N/C of root and rhizome systems tended to decrease first and then increase(P<0.05),but soluble sugar and root activity changed in an opposite trends(P<0.05).Thus,moderate thickness of soil covering(10 cm and 30 cm)could improve the growth environment conditions of root and rhizome systems to some extent,and promote growth of P.prominens,but excess thickness of soil covering would have a negative impact on root and rhizome systems.All results indicated the suitable soil covering thickness for better bamboo shoot quality,economic yield benefits,and bamboo forest sustainable management of P.prominens should be 30 cm.7 Length,individual weight,edible parts ratios,tincture,fat,vitamin C and proportion of essential amino acids,cellulose,soluble sugar of bamboo shoots were markedly influenced by soil covering thickness(P<0.05).Diameter and the content of protein,starch,amino acids,essential amino acid,total amino acids,lignose,tannin,oxalic,total flavonoid showed no significant difference among different soil covering thickness(P>0.05),It was suggested that the appearance quality and eating quality of P.prominens bamboo shoots had obvious effect of soil covering thickness.Without reducing the nutritional quality of bamboo shoots,different soil covering thickness[10,30,and 50 cm] could significantly improve the appearance and eating quality of bamboo shoots.However,Limited improvement of appearance quality of bamboo shoots with 10 cm soil cover,while 50 cm soil cover significantly increases the labor cost.It is also not conducive to the sustainable management of P.prominens bamboo forests.Comprehensive analysis of bamboo shoot quality,economic benefit and sustainable management ability of bamboo forest,The suitable thickness of soil for controllingsoil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation of P.prominens was 30 cm.8 There was no significant effect on protein,essential amino acids and their components in shoots of Phyllostachys Prominens by soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation.But it has certain influence on the formation of protein nutritional value.And there is obvious effect of overlying soil thickness.10 cm and 30 cm of coveed soil had a reverse effect on the formation of protein nutritional value of bamboo shoots.The thickness of 50 cm covered soil had a positive effect on the nutritional value,utilization rate,balance degree and proximity to model amino acids of shoots of Phyllostachys Prominens.which is beneficial to the formation of nutritional value of protein in bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys Prominens.The effects of soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation on the growth and development of bamboo forests and the input of artificial cost,bamboo shoot yield and economic benefits were comprehensively considered.Considering comprehensively from the effects of soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation on growth and development of bamboo forest as well as artificial cost,bamboo shoot yield and economic benefit output,thickness of covering soil is more suitable at 30 cm.9 Fat,vitamin C,isoleucine,leucine,lysine and lignose,tannin,oxalic acid,total flavone were significantly affected by bamboo shoots excavat time.The content of protein,soluble sugar,starch,sucrose,ellulose,lignose showed no significant difference among bamboo shoots of different bamboo shoots harvest time(P>0.05).The content of other amino acids,essential amino acids,total amino acid?flavored amino acids and the proportion of essential amino acids,flavored amino acids showed no significant difference among bamboo shoots of different bamboo shoots harvest time too(P>0.05).It was suggested that there were obvious temporal variation in the eating quality of bamboo shoots after unearthed of Phyllostachys heterophylla,it increased obviously with the prolongation of growth time after harvest,the main influential components are tannin,oxalic acid,total flavone,the effect of bamboo shoots harvest time on flavor amino acids is small.But the change of nutritional quality was not obvious.Therefore,starting from the production of high quality bamboo shoots,the optimum bamboo shoot harvest time for high quality bamboo shoots is 1-2 days after unearthed. |
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