The Effect Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On The Interaction Between Wheat And Aphid In Different Districts

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF)is a common mutualistic microorganism,which could establish symbiotic relationship with 80% of terrestrial plant and increase their nutrition absorption and pest resistance.Generally,nitrogen and phosphorus are the main fact on this symbiotic system.Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of the three major grain crops,its quality and yield are associated with food security and national living quality,and it could establish symbiotic relationship with AMF.Therefore,the Sitobion avenae L.and Rhopalosiphum padi L.are studied as object.In the field trial and common garden,we compared the variation of soil nutrition and AMF colonization and the effect on the relationship between wheat and aphid in different districts.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between AMF and insect.These result will provide an insight to the effect of AMF on soil nutrition uptake and pest resistance in wheat culture,they are also the important theoretical basis in efficient management,and it will benefit the target of reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide in agriculture.The results are as followed:(1)The variation of soil nutrition in different districtsIn the 2-year field trial,we found there were significant different content of soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus among these district: For the soil phosphorus,its content in Zhoukou in Sanmenxia,Jiaozuo in Henan province was significantly lower than the Xinji in Hebei province,Yongcheng in Henan province,and Zouping in Shandong province.For the soil nitrogen,its content in Yoncheng1 in Henan province was the highest.For the soil carbon,its content in Yoncheng1 in Henan province was highest,but in Zhoukou in Henan province was lowest.(2)The variation of AMF colonization in different districtsFor the AMF,there were significant difference among these districts.The descending order as following: Hengshui in Hebei province,Yongcheng2 in Henan province,Zouping in Shandong,Yongcheng1 in Henan province,Xinji in Hebei province,Sanmenxia in Henan province,Jiaozuo in Henan province,Mingquan in Henan province,Zhoukou in Henan province,Linzhou in Henan province.(3)The variation of aphid abundance in different districtsFor the abundance of total aphid,there was significant difference among these districts.The highest abundance of total aphid was in Zhoukou in Henan province and Linzhou in Henan province,the lest abundance of total aphid was in Hengshui in Hebei province,Yongcheng2 in Henan province,and Jiaozuo in Henan province.The dominant species was S.avenae L.in those districts.For the R.padi L.,there was highest abundance in Mingquan in Henan province.For Schizaphis graminum,there was highest abundance in Hengshui in Hebei province and Mingquan in Henan province.In the second year(2019),we focus on the districts of Yongcheng in Henan province,Zhoukou in Henan province,and Linzhou in Henan province.The result showed there was higher abundance of total aphid in Yongcheng in Henan province comparing to Zhoukou in Henan province,and Linzhou in Henan province.Similarly,the dominant species was S.avenae,and its abundance in Yongcheng in Henan province was higher than that in Linzhou in Henan province significantly and more than Zhoukou in Henan province with about 20%;For the R.padi,its abundance in Yongcheng in Henan was the highest.(4)The variation of secondary metabolites in plant in different districtsThe chemical analysis showed that there was significantly different concentration of total phenolics,total sugar,and total protein in leaf among these districts,but no difference for the total flavonoids.For the concentration of total phenolics: Yongcheng in Henan province > Linzhou in Henan province > Zhoukou in Henan province.For the concentration of total flavonoids: Yongcheng in Henan province > Zhoukou in Henan province > Linzhou in Henan province.For the concentration of total sugar: Yongcheng in Henan province > Linzhou in Henan province > Zhoukou in Henan province.For the concentration of protein: Zhoukou in Henan province > Linzhou in Henan province > Yongcheng in Henan province.(5)The relationship among soil nutrition,AMF,and aphidIn both the first year(2018)and second year(2019),there was no significant relationship between AMF and soil nitrogen and phosphorus,only the ratio of P to N was negative related to AMF.However,there was negative relationship between AMF and the abundance of total aphid and S.avenae,rather than the R.padi and S.graminum.(6)The effect of AMF on the relationship between wheat plant and aphidIn the common garden,there was no significant different abundance of nymph in any treatments.However,the abundance of adult aphid in the normal soil with AMF was decreased,and this result was only appropriate for S.avenae,rather than R.padi.Based on the above results,we showed that effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil on AMF is not isolated,on the one hand,it may be related to the proportion between them,on the other hand,it may be related to other factors in the soil.The increasement of AMF colonization rates of wheat can promote the synthesis of secondary metabolites in wheats,and improve the resistance of wheat to aphids,especially to S.avenae.At the same time,the increasement of AMF infection rate can also promote the content of total sugar and total protein in wheats.All the results show that AMF has great potential value in agricultural production management.