Analysis On The Development Status And Limiting Factors Of Ex-situ Conservation And Management Of Zoos In China

As an important base for ex situ conservation.the central task of the zoo is to carry out comprehensive wildlife conservation and scientific research,and to educate the public on conservation.Therefore.it is necessary to conduct in-depth investigation and Analysis on the current situation of species protection,population management and other related management work in zoos,by analyzing the main problems existing in the development of protection and management of different types of zoos,we can provide scientific information and data support for the development of Chinese zoo industry.In this paper,the protection and management of 185 zoos in six administrative regions of the country are investigated by means of field investigation,mail investigation and telephone investigation.The statistics and analysis are carried out from the aspects of animal population and species protection management,education management,scientific research management,safety management,personnel management,operation management,etc.By comparing the differences among city zoos,wildlife zoos and zoos within park,this paper analyzes the protection and management constraints of different types of zoos with the method of comprehensive evaluation.Results show that:(1)The number of zoo within park type is the largest(92),followed by the city zoo(52),and the wildlife zoo is the least(41).The spatial distribution of zoos in different regions of the country is affected by population and economic conditions,and the distribution is unbalanced.East China had the most zoos(67),followed by central and southern China(41)and northwest China(13).Henan,the most populous of the provinces,has the most zoos,has 17 zoos.(2)There are a total of 952 species in various zoos,including 334 species of 19 orders of mammals,401 species of 58 families and 20 orders of birds,and 222 species of 45 families and 6 orders of amphibians.There are 192 national key protected animals,accounting for 20.06%of the total zoo species and 39.02%of China's national key protected species.There was a significant correlation between the number of key protected animals and the number of conservationists(r=0.757,P=0.00).(3)There was a very significant correlation between the zoo area and the number of animal species(r=0.362,p=0.00);The area of zoos was significantly related to the total number of individual animals(r=0.320,P=0.00);There was a significant correlation between the zoo area and the number of birds(r=0.308,p=0.00)and the number of beasts(r=0.439,p=0.00);The number of species and individual animals per unit area in zoos within park is the largest,and the animal feeding density is the largest;(4)A total of 123 zoos,accounting for 66.49%,provided adequate facilities for animals;Animal display activities were held in 22 zoos,mainly wildlife zoos;there were 63 zoos for animal behavior training,mainly city zoos and wildlife zoos,accounting for 46.15%and 43.90%respectively.84.32%of zoos have file management of species,and most of zoos have quarantine grounds.More than 90%of the zoo's operating procedures,safety signs,safety management system and emergency plans are available.(5)43.78%of the total number of zoos carried out teaching activities,and 27.57%of the zoos carried out non formal education activities;Instruction boards are most popular in educational facilities,the number of display boards(F=12.449,P=0.000),brochures(F=10.018,P=0.000),popular science corner(F=10.451,P=0.000),popular science museum(F=7.819,P=0.001)in different types of zoos was significantly different,the city zoos are the most,and the parks in them are the least.(6)The popularity of veterinary equipment was the highest in zoos,and the number of veterinary equipment was significantly different among the three types of zoos(F=23.972,p=0.000).The research software was used least in three kinds of zoos?Among the zoos with laboratories,city zoos account for 34.62%,wildlife zoos account for 39.02%,and zoos within park account for 7.61%.City zoos have the most researchers,followed by wildlife parks,and the least zoos within park.(7)Comprehensive evaluation of the protection and development constraints of various types of zoos,the main limiting factors of zoos within park are:natural exhibition mode,venue area,small population problem,species number,specialist quantity,conservation education project;The main limiting factors of city zoos are:Species number/venue area,ecological venue reconstruction,biosafety and environmental protection facilities,specialist quantity;The main limiting factors of wildlife zoos are:population maintenance management,safety management issues,specialist quantity,biosafety and environmental protection facilities.