| Starch is one of the main sources of animal carbohydrates and energy,and plays a very important role in animals.The purpose of this article is to study the effects of different amylose/ amylopectin on growth performance and intestinal digestive and absorptive and barrier function in weaned piglets.This test was conducted in two experiment.The first part experiment,sixty 21-day-old(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)weaned piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups,each group had 12 piglets,and they were fed with feeds with amylose/ amylopectin levels of 0.00,0.20,0.60,and 0.80,respectively.Feeding experiments were carried out in 2 stages,each stage being 14 days.The first stage diet contains more highly digestible animal protein sources,and the second stage diet contains more non-digestible grains.During the experimental period,the piglets were free to feed and drink.The diarrhea of the piglets,the feed intake and the leftover amount were recorded daily.The piglets were weighed once a week.In the second experiment,the piglets were fed at the end of the night(12 hours before sampling).Six groups of each group were randomly injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg of body weight of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or sterile saline.After 12 hours,all piglets were slaughtered and sampled.Through testing piglet growth performance,diarrhea rate,serum biochemical indicators and free amino acids,intestinal morphology,digestive enzyme activity,nutrient transporter,short chain fatty acid(SCFA)and intestinal barrier function related indicators.The results of the study are as follows:(1)The effect of different amylose/amylopectin on growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned pigletsCompared with the 0.40 group,the 0.60 and 0.80 groups can significantly increase the daily weight gain in the fourth week(P <0.05)and the gain to feed ratio in the second and fourth weeks(P <0.05).Compared with the 0.40 group,the diet of the 0.80 group significantly reduced the diarrhea rate in the third week(P <0.05).(2)Effects of different amylose/amylopectin and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide on serum biochemical indexes and serum free amino acidsDifferent amylose/amylopectin had no significant effect on serum biochemical indicators.LPS challenge reduced serum total protein,ALT and glucose contents(P <0.05),and increased AST,AST / ALT,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine contents(P <0.05).Compared with the 0.00 group,0.80 group increased the concentration of serum arginine and citrulline(P <0.05),while the diet of the 0.60 group significantly increased the serine and proline content(P <0.05).LPS challenge significantly reduces serum essential amino acids(arginine,isoleucine,leucine,lysine,methionine,phenylalanine,threonine,and valine),some non-essential amino acids(aspartate,glutamate,tyrosine,proline)and ornithine(P <0.01),and increase the content of alanine,cysteine,urea and citrulline(P <0.01).Also,the 0.00 group diet can alleviate the changes of methionine,phenylalanine,serine and tyrosine caused by LPS challenge(3)Effects of different amylose/amylopectin and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide on intestinal morphology,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporter gene expression of weaned pigletsCompared with the 0.80 group,the 0.00 group diet significantly increased cecal crypt depth(P <0.05).The LPS challenge significantly reduced jejunal villus height and villus height: crypt depth(G: F).The 0.00 group diet was more able to resist duodenal G: F(P <0.05)changes caused by LPS challenge.Compared with the 0.20 group,the 0.60 group significantly increased maltase,sucrase,and lactase activity(P<0.05).The LPS challenge significantly reduced the activity of maltase,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase(P <0.001).The 0.60 group was more resistant to reduced maltase activity(P<0.05)caused by LPS challenge.Compared with the 0.60 group,0.00 group diet significantly increased the mRNA expression of Slc6a19 and Slc7a1 in the jejunum(P <0.05).In addition,diets in the 0.20 group could significantly increase the mRNA expression of Slc5a1 and Slc7a9 mRNA in ileum(P <0.05),but diets between 0.40-0.60 significantly increased the mRNA expression of Slc7a1(P <0.01).LPS challenge can significantly increase the jejunum Slc7a1 and decrease the expression of ileal nutrient transporters(Slc5a1,Slc2a2,Slc1a1 and Slc7a9)(P <0.05).The 0.00 group was more resistant to the changes of jejunal Slc2a2 and ileal Slc5a1 caused by LPS challenge(P<0.01).(4)Effects of different amylose/amylopectin and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide on gastrointestinal contetent pH,short-chain fatty acids,intestinal tight junction protein and inflammation-related gene expression in weaned pigletsCompared with 0.80 group,the 0.00 group reduced gastric and ileal pH(P<0.05).The LPS challenge can significantly increase gastric pH(P<0.05).Compared with the 0.00 group,the 0.20 group significantly increased the concentration of isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid,and valeric acid in cecum(P<0.01),while 0.40 group increased cecal acetate,propionate,and total short chain fatty acid content(P<0.05).LPS reduced cecal isobutyrate and isovaleric acid and colonic isovaleric acid content(P<0.05),and decreased acetate and butyrate concentration in colon(P<0.01).Compared with the 0.00 group,the other groups decreased the mRNA expression of jejunum TNF-?(P <0.05).While in ileum,the 0.20 group increased the mRNA expression of Claudln-1(P <0.05),the 0.40 and 0.60 groups increased the mRNA expression of TNF-?(P<0.05),but the 0.80 group increased the mRNA expression of IL-1? and TGF-?(P<0.05).LPS challenge reduced the mRNA expression of ileal Occludin and ZO-1(P <0.01).In addition,the 0.00 group was more resistant to the mRNA expression of Occludin in the jejunum caused by LPS challenge than the other groups(P<0.05).These results showed that the different amylose/amylopectin diets had no significant different on the growth performance of piglets.However,the 0.20 group may via changing the colonal morphological structure,and the related-genes expression of small intestinal mucosal nutrient transporters and intestinal barrier function to improve intestinal health in piglets.The LPS challenge can affect the intestinal function of piglets by reducing the intestinal digestion and absorption ability,and changing the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier function.In addition,some interactions between different amylose/amylopectin diet and LPS challenge,and the 0.00 diet was more resistant to the damage of intestinal digestion and absorption and barrier function by LPS challenge in this study. |
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