| The sorghum is one of the world's major food crops,and it is also an important grain based,brewed,energy based and forage crop in China.With the increasing demand for sorghum,how to improve the yield of sorghum on the basis of the existing cultivated land area is an important goal of sorghum breeding.Breeding excellent sorghum varieties with compact plant type is an important way to achieve high sorghum yield.The leaf angle of sorghum is one of the main factors forming a compact plant type,which determines the spatial distribution of sorghum leaves and has a great relationship with the light energy utilization rate of a unit area group.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the sorghum leaf angle in compact plant type breeding.In this study,firstly,the 298 leaf angle characters of sorghum resources in Jilin Province were studied,and then carried out heterosis,combining ability and heritability on the leaf angle,leaf orientation value and other related agronomic traits of 9 parents and their 18 cross combinations.The photosynthesis related parameters of sorghum hybrid Jiza 319 and its parents were studied.The main results are as follows:(1)Among the 289 sorghum resources tested,the leaf angle variation ranged from 15.52 ° to 77.08 °,and showed a law of gradually decreasing from the flag leaf to the lower leaf angle.Among the 0-30 ° small leaf angle resources,there are 62 restorer lines,11 sterile lines and 10 hybrids.At the same time,three self-selected compact restoration lines S03,S05,short F and one compact sterile line 421 A were selected.(2)The inheritance of sorghum leaf angle is consistent with the additive-dominant inheritance model.The average leaf angle variation of sorghum hybrids is large,and most of them show a strong heterosis,and more than 90% of the leaf angles exceed the mid-parent value.The short F / 623 A performed best in terms of leaf orientation value.The light transmittance of the upper and lower parts of the compact restore hybrid is 68.62% and 168.63% higher than that of the flat restore hybrid respectively.The compact type hybrid has high light transmittance and large light transmittance,which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of light energy.(3)The restorer lines S05,Short F,and sterile line 421 A performed better on the general combining ability of the six related agronomic traits.The hybrid combinations short F / 421 A was selected to perform well in various traits,and in terms of yield traits the short F / 421A's special combining ability effect value is 17.3408,the highest among all combinations.In terms of heritability,broad heritability: yield> growth period> plant height> leaf length> leaf area> panicle length,narrow heritability: plant height> leaf length> leaf area> growth period> yield> panicle length.The genetic factors affecting growth period,plant height,leaf length,leaf area and yield traits are mainly additive effects,less non-additive effects,and the inheritance of panicle length is affected by both additive and non-additive effects.The growth period and yield are greatly affected by environmental factors.The highest among the narrow heritability of these 6 traits is plant height of 93.15%,and the smallest panicle length is 66.89%,which is suitable for early generation selection.(4)The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency and apparent mesophyll conductance of hybrid hybrid Jiza 319 were significantly higher than those of its sterile line 515 A and restorer line 501 R.Leaf intercellular CO2 concentration is significantly lower than its sterile line 515 A and restorer line 501R;Leaf transpiration rate is not significantly different from its parent,leaf photosynthetic metabolism is significantly higher than its parents. |
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