| Chinese olive[Canarium album(Lour.)Raeusch]is native to the southern of China which is a typical fruit trees of the tropics and subtropics.The fresh fruits of Chinese olive have unique flavor,rich nutrition and the fresh or processed fruit is edible.The varieties of fresh fruit have crisp texture and astringent taste at the beginning but gradually sweetening.However,the varieties of processed fruit have rough texture and more astringent and poor sweet taste.The former has higher economic value compared with the latter.The contents of calcium and calmodulin(CaM)and the activities of related enzymes,such as calcium pump(Ca2+-ATPase),NAD kinase(NADK)and so on were also measured by using fresh type 'Qinglan 1' and processed type 'Changying'as experimental materials.In addition,the contents of mineral elements in the development of olive fruit were also measured.All in all,it expect to understand how systemic components of calcium messenger system to behave during the development of Chinese olive fruit.In order to provide the theoretical and practical basis with selecting and breeding excellent Chinese olive varieties and the formation of fruit qualityThe main results were as follows1.The contents of total calcium and different forms of calcium including water-soluble calcium,pectin calcium,calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate were determined during the development of 'Qinglan 1'and 'Changying'.The results showed that the rapid increasingly stage of the content of total calcium in 'Qinglan' and 'Changying' were all occurred in 50-70 days after flowering.Otherwise,the total calcium,water-soluble calcium and pectin calcium of the two varieties had the same variation trend,but the contents were different.Meanwhile,the contents and variation trend of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate were all diverse.Compared with 'Changying','Qinglan 1' had higher contents of total calcium,pectin calcium and water-soluble calcium but lower contents of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate.The correlational analysis showed that the contents of water-soluble calcium,pectin calcium and calcium phosphate were closely related to the total calcium content in 'Changying' olive fruit;The increase or decrease of total calcium content of 'Qinglan 1' was mainly affected by the contents of water-soluble calcium and pectin calcium.And the development of the two fruits is accompanied by the conversion of active calcium(water-soluble calcium and pectin calcium)to inactive calcium(calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate)2.The contents of CaM and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase,NADK,calmodulin-dependent NAD kinase(CaM-dependent NADK),calmodulin-independent NAD kinase(CaM-independent NADK)and NADP phosphatase were determined during the development of Chinese olive fruits.The results showed that the content of CaM and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase,NADK,CaM-independent NADK and NADP phosphatase in two Chinese olive fruits were diverse,but the variation trend were basically the same.In 50-70 days after flowering,the CaM content in fruits of‘Qinglan 1'and‘Changying' decreased,but water-soluble calcium increased rapidly,and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase,NADK,CaM-independent NADK and NADP phosphatase also increased At this time,the ability of cells to maintain Ca2+homeostasis was stronger.In 90-110 days after flowering,the contents of water-soluble calcium keeped growing in 'Qinglan 1',while‘Changying' decreased.In both two fruits,the content of CaM and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase decreased to a lower level.That means the ability to maintain Ca2+homeostasis was decreased to lead to the reduction of Ca2+transmembrane transport capacity,resulting in the accumulation of Ca2+in cytoplasm,the activities of NADK,CaM-independent NADK and NADP phosphatase were all decreased.The proportion of CaM-dependent NADK in the total enzyme activity of 'Qinglan 1' and 'Changying' surged by 37.9%and 26.8%,respectively.And the content of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate increased.In 130-170 days after flowering,the content of CaM and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase increased which promoted Ca2+transmembrane transport.Then,the content of Water-soluble calcium gradually decreased,while the activity of NADK,CaM-independent NADK and NADP phosphatase increased at first and then decreased.Compared with 90-110 days after flowering,Chinese olive fruits at 50-70 days and 130-170 days had higher content of CaM and stronger activities Ca2+-ATPase,NADK,CaM-independent NADK and NADP phosphatase,lower content of water-soluble calcium and more stable ratio of CaM-dependent NADK in total enzyme activity.It indicated that Chinese olive fruits had better ability to maintain intracellular Ca2+homeostasis in the early and late stages during the development of fruit3.The contents of mineral elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,boron,magnesium,zinc,manganese were determined during the development of Chinese olive fruits.The results showed that the contents of mineral elements in different Chinese olive fruits were diverse With the development of Chinese olive fruits,the potassium content of'Changying'and 'Qinglan 1' generally showed an upward trend.In'Changying',the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,boron,calcium,magnesium,zinc and manganese all showed an upward trend at first and then a downward trend.In 'Qinglan 1',the nitrogen content first decreased and then increased,the content of boron gradually decreased The content of phosphorus and magnesium first increased,then decreased and then increased.The content of calcium,zinc,and manganese showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.As a whole,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,boron,magnesium,zinc,and manganese in the fruits of 'Changin' were hiyher than 'Qinglan 1'.While to calcium,the contents of 'Qinglan 1' were higher.The variation trend of nitrogen,phosphorus,boron and magnesium contents in'Changying' and 'Qinglan 1' were different;the variation trend of potassium,calcium,zinc and manganese contents were consistent,but the contents of those elements between on varieties were greatly various. |
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