| Transpiration was the mainspring of crop water transportation,transpiration is a key part of the crop water consumption,according to the plant transpiration by decision-making irrigation quantity is the realization of crop irrigation system rationalization,efficiency,the important measure of water use efficiency,to shed the greenhouse microclimate complex dynamic systems,numerical analysis is not only beneficial to explore interior law of crop water requirement,can also be precise control of greenhouse environment,thus providing the most suitable for greenhouse crop growth environment.In this paper,melon and tomato were irrigated at different levels based on the actual transpiration of crops.Test 1: to melon(" thousand jade 6 ")as the test materials,according to the actual transpiration evaporation,set up a T1,80% WET,T2,100% WET,T3,120% of the west,three irrigation level,the change rule of water melon and its sizes and correlation with environmental factors,explores the organic cultivation melon water management and the environment interaction relations,to explore different irrigation quantity indexes of melon,photosynthetic characteristics,water transport,water use efficiency,the influence of dry matter accumulation and distribution of quality,yield and quality at the same time to make comprehensive evaluation;Experiment 2: In tomato(" west nadia " and " burberry ")as the test materials,according to the actual transpiration evaporation,set up a T1,80% WET,T2,100% WET,T3,120% WET,T4,140%,T5,quantitative 2000 ml(cloudy irrigation),5 level of irrigation,water change rule of tomato and its sizes and correlation with environmental factors,explores the organic tomato in water management and the environment interaction relations,to explore different irrigation quantity indexes of tomato,photosynthetic characteristics,water transport,water use efficiency,the influence of the dry matter accumulation and distribution of quality,At the same time to the production and quality of comprehensive evaluation.The research results are as follows:(1)The daily transpiration water consumption of melon and tomato increased with the increase of irrigation amount.According to the weighing method,the irrigation amount was determined and the stem flow was treated differently.The stem flow was an unstable wide unimodal curve in sunny days,and a bimodal curve in cloudy days.The stem flow rate was T3>T2>T1.The diurnal stem flow changes of medium fruit tomato "caxina" under different treatments were T2 maximum.The diurnal stem flow changes of large-fruit tomato "baboli" under different treatments were T5>T3>T4>T2>T1.The correlation between stem flow and conductivity in rhizosphere environment was the strongest,and VPD and net radiation in air environment factor was the strongest.The rhizosphere water content of irrigation volume decision and the rhizosphere conductivity of fertilizer application volume decision affect the stem flow rate and control the water and fertilizer transfer of melon.(2)Different irrigation amounts had significant effects on the morphological growth of melon and tomato.The results showed that the plant height and stem growth rate in the flowering and fruiting stage were higher than that in the fruit growth stage.Increasing irrigation increased the rate of leaf area growth.The plant height and stem diameter of "baboli" increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the increase of irrigation amount increased the growth rate of tomato leaf area.(3)There was no significant difference processing net photosynthetic rate of melon,melon different processing of chlorophyll content and light system unit reaction center the amount of energy dissipation in the form of T1 > T2 > T3,different processing melon of stomatal conductance,the biggest potential light quantum efficiency of PSII Fv/Fm and photosynthetic efficiency index Pi ABS performance for T3 > T2 > T1,that deficit irrigation can increase the melon unit leaf area,the ability to capture light but photosynthetic performance of the whole is still lower.With the increase of irrigation amount,the chlorophyll content of garcina showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing;with the promotion of growth stage,the chlorophyll content of garcina showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The net photosynthetic rate of caracina tomato was T1 >,T2 > T3 > T5 > T4,Fv/Fm was T3 > T2 > T1 > T5 > T4,and Pi ABS was T2 > T3 > T1 >0 T4 >1 T5.In general,when the daily irrigation per plant was greater or less than 120% of the daily transpiration,the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato decreased gradually and the chlorophyll content increased.With the increase of irrigation amount,the chlorophyll content of "babaoli" of tomato under different treatments increased first,then decreased,and then increased.With the advance of growth period,the content of chlorophyll a decreased,but the content of chlorophyll b increased,and the net photosynthetic rate,Fv/Fm,and Pi ABS increased with the increase of irrigation amount.It shows that increasing irrigation can improve the comprehensive light energy utilization efficiency of tomato "baboli".(4)The total fresh mass and total dry mass of melon under different treatments were shown as T1<T2<T3.The content of NPK in T3 fruit per unit dry mass was the smallest and the difference was significant with T1 and T2,indicating that 120% transpiration and evaporation irrigation reduced the solids in the fruit and reduced the proportion of elements in the fruit.Different processing tomato "west nadia" fresh fruit enlargement period different processing fruit quality is blossom period increased by about 50%,494%,424%,375%,587%,fruit enlargement period fruit dry weight of the blossom period respectively increased by 333%,975%,625%,671%,1080%,that T2 processing for "west nadia" tomato fruit yield and dry matter accumulation.Compared with the flowering and fruiting stage,the fresh quality of tomato "baboli" fruit in the growing stage increased by 185%,310%,197%,1017% and 143% respectively,and the dry quality increased by 113%,282%,200%,837% and 141% respectively,indicating that T4 treatment is conducive to the yield of tomato "baboli" fruit and the accumulation of organic matter.(5)The yield,comprehensive quality,water and organic fertilizer utilization efficiency of melon under different treatments were shown as T3>T2>T1,and the nitrate ion content in melon fruits was shown as T1>T2>T3,indicating that the low irrigation amount of whole organic cultivation of melon would increase the salt ion accumulation in fruits.The yield,water use efficiency(T3)and the comprehensive quality and organic fertilizer utilization efficiency(T2)of tomato were the highest under different treatments.It indicated that 120% daily evapotranspiration irrigation had the highest yield and water use efficiency.The comprehensive quality of 100% daily evapotranspiration irrigation and the utilization efficiency of organic fertilizers are the highest.The yield of "babaobao" was T3>,T4>T2>T5>T1,water use efficiency T3>T4 ? T2> >T5,comprehensive quality T1>T3>T2>T5 >0 T4,and the utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer was T4 >1 T2 >2 T1 >3 T3 >4 T5,with no significant difference.The relationship between the yield and quality of "baboli" tomatoes and the irrigation level was completely opposite with different treatments.The irrigation treatment of "baboli" tomatoes was suitable for planting in spring with the comprehensive consideration of water use efficiency,yield and quality,120% daily evapotranspiration. |
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