Study On The Influence Of Field Management And Activated Water Irrigation On Soil Physical Properties And Wheat Growth

Choosing reasonable farming management measures and suitable types of irrigation water have an important role in alleviating the problems of low fertility and uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions,and the global shortage of freshwater resources.In this paper,the long-term positioning of Weibei dry plateau winter wheat,activated water hydroponic cultivation of spring wheat and activated water irrigation of spring wheat as research carriers.Mainly carry out research from the following three aspects:1.Exploring the cultivation management measures to promote the maintenance of good soil physical properties in winter wheat field in Weibei dryland 2.Exploring the effect of activated water on the growth and root morphology of hydroponic wheat 3.Exploring the effects of different types of activated water and different irrigation amounts on the effects of wheat growth,yield formation and water use efficiency were studied in three aspects.The specific research results are as follows:The results of the long-term location test in the Weibei drylands showed that compared with the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus,the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium reduced the soil bulk density of 0-20 cm during the harvest period,increased the total porosity of the cultivated layer?0-20 cm?and the soil layer of 0-40 cm>2mm water-stable aggregates content,0-10 cm soil layer>2 mm water-stable aggregates content significantly increased by 1.3 times?P<0.05?,the yield increased by 8.4%.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with mulch cover throughout the year,the soil bulk density of the tillage layer increased during the harvest period,the total porosity decreased,and the surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased,but the average soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of 10-40 cm increases by 57.5%.The moisture content of profile soil,water stable aggregate content of>2 mm,average weight diameter and geometric mean diameter both increased,the yield increased by 24.3%?P<0.05?.These two farming management measures are effective measures suitable for long-term farming in the Weibei dryland from the perspective of economic input,improvement of soil physical properties and yield.Under hydroponic culture mode,only the growth medium was magnetized and oxygenated.Wheat leaf area,above-ground biomass,root length,total root length,total root surface area,SPAD,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO₂concentration and transpiration rate increased by 6.6%and 6.6%,2.4%and 8.4%,10.1%and10.2%,8.0%and 5.6%,6.7%and 0.4%,8.0%and 1.8%,14.9%and 8.0%,11.1%and 0,18.4%and 23.9%,2.8%and 7.8%,of which only the SPAD of the magnetized treatment and the intercellular CO₂ concentration of the oxygenated treatment increased significantly,the other indicators did not increase significantly?P<0.05?.The above results indicate that the magnetized and oxygenated treatment of hydroponic wheat growth medium has a tendency to promote wheat growth,but it cannot achieve the effect of significantly promoting the growth of wheat shoots and roots.In the future,when conducting research related to activated water to promote crop growth,other growth media should be considered.In the pot experiment of wheat,activated water irrigation?Magnetized water,Oxygenated water,Magnetized&Oxygenated water?under three irrigation amounts?80%FC,65%FC,50%FC,FC=Field Capacity?can promote the growth of wheat,including leaf area and biomass,and it also improve the photosynthetic characteristics in wheat growth stages.However,there are different trends in yield formation and water use efficiency.At 80%FC,compared with tap water irrigation,the water consumption during the growth period of magnetized water,oxygenated water and magnetized&oxygenated water irrigation decreased by 10.4%,11.4%,and 12.8%,respectively.Under magnetized water and oxygenated water irrigation,the yields of per pot increased by 35.7%and 11.4%,respectively.Water use efficiency increased by 53.6%and 23.1%,respectively.At 65%FC,compared with tap water irrigation,the water consumption during the growth period of magnetized water,oxygenated water and magnetized&oxygenated water irrigation increased by 4.4%,8.2%and 3.2%,respectively.And the yield increased by 43.9%,46.3%and 14.6%,respectively.Water use efficiency increased by 37.0%,37.0%and 11.1%,respectively.At 50%FC,compared with tap water irrigation,the water consumption during the growth period of magnetized water,oxygenated water and magnetized&oxygenated water irrigation increased by 10.8%,26.7%and 27.1%.The yield of oxygenated and magnetized&oxygenated water irrigation significantly increased by 77.3%and 1.2 times.Water use efficiency significantly increased by 36.7%and 70.0%,respectively?P<0.05?.However,the yield and water use efficiency of magnetized water irrigation decreased by 19.6%and 26.7%.Considering comprehensively,in the case of sufficient water supply,magnetized water and oxygenated water irrigation can achieve the purpose of promoting wheat growth,improving crop yield and water use efficiency.With a moderate water supply of about 65%FC,all three types of activated water can promote wheat growth,increase wheat yield and water use efficiency.Under low irrigation,both oxygenated and magnetized&oxygenated irrigation can promote wheat growth,increase wheat yield and water use efficiency.Therefore,oxygenated water has the best effect of promoting wheat growth,yield increase and water use efficiency under any irrigation conditions,which is a feasible measure to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water in arid and semi-arid areas.