Study On The Distribution Of Spider Diversity In The Agricultural Landscape Of Taihang Mountains Area In The West Of Wu'an City

From May to July 2019,the surface spiders of different types of landscape sample plots(corn plot,peony plot,flower belts,walnut forest,natural forest)in Taihang mountain area of Western Wuan were investigated by using trap method.The occurrence regularity and spatial distribution of spiders over time were studied.The species diversity of spider community was analyzed,and the spider biology was studied.Influencing factors of diversity.Some suggestions on the protection and utilization of ecological environment are put forward,and the main conclusions are as follows.(1)Spiders in different agricultural landscapes were systematically investigated by trap method.5856 spider specimens were collected,belonging to 20 families and 63 species.3626 specimens,belonging to 19 families and 59 species,were collected from the comparative experiment of five types of agricultural landscapes.Two dominant species were Pardosa astrigera L.Koch,1878(1942 heads),and Xysticus ephippiatus Simon,1880(416 heads),14 common species and 43 rare species.By analyzing the dynamics of spiders over time,we found out the occurrence regularity of spiders over time.The peak period of spider activity was at the end of May,and then the number of spiders began to decrease with time.The three dominant families of spiders,Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae,were basically in accordance with the changing trend of the local spiders,while the peak period of Thomisidae,appeared from mid-June to the end of June.The corresponding analysis between spiders and time and space can reveal the occurrence time and preference habitat types of the main spiders.Cluster analysis showed that corn field,green sea flower gallery and peony field had high similarity.(2)The analysis of spider diversity showed that the diversity richness of spider communities in walnut forest and natural forest was the highest.Walnut forest is at the transition zone between Qingyazhai Nature Reserve and outside the reserve,belonged to the interaction zone of two ecosystems,with large amount of species information,large heterogeneity of habitat boundary and obvious "edge effect" of ecological transition zone,which made walnut forest have higher spiders biodiversity than natural forest.The Chao1 index of corn field was significantly lower than that of peony field and flower belts.The multiple regression analysis of Chao1 index showed that human disturbance and plant spatial structure were the main factors affecting spider biodiversity.The diversity of spider species is higher in walnut forest and natural forest.The similarity of three plots is higher in corn field,peony field and green sea flower gallery,and the homogenization of spider community is stronger.Different influencing factors have different effects on different spider communities.Lycosidae is negatively correlated with surface litter,Salticidae is positively correlated with litter,Thomisidae and Linyphiidae are positively correlated with plant species and herbaceous coverage.Increasing cropland straw and other litter probably,enrichment of plant spatial structure by intercropping could help to increase the amount of Salticidae and Linyphiidae which in turn could help to control diseases and insect pests in different parts of crops.(3)The spatial dynamics of spiders in the flower belts that the spatial location of spiders occurred in different time periods was different.The general trend is that the edge was higher than the inside in mid-late May,and the spider was basically in a stable state in June.The inside was higher than the edge in mid-late July,and the spider appeared to shift from the inside to the edge.The total number of spiders increased gradually from the edge to the inside,and the Chao1 index showed that the inside and the edge were higher than the middle.Therefore,reduction of human disturbance,appropriate intercrop,increase of plant spatial structure,enriching the quality of marginal habitats,and improve the heterogeneity of farmland marginal habitats could help to better protect spider biodiversity in local farmland should so as to increase the effect of biological control.According to the response of different spider populations to different environmental impact factors,spiders can be exploited and utilized reasonably.