Study On The Correlation Between Root Structure And Active Components Of Polygala Tenuifolia During Its Development

Polygala tenuifolia wild,angiosperm,dicotyledonous,Polygalaceae,Polygalaceae,Polygala.The dried root of Polygala tenuifolia is often used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,with the continuous research on the rationality of Polygala tenuifolia,the efficacy of Polygala tenuifolia is more and more.In this study,Polygala tenuifolia planted in Pingyao Chinese medicine base of Shanxi Province was taken as the research object.The cross-section microstructure of different development stages(3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 months)of Polygala tenuifolia was observed by optical microscope,and the key enzyme activities in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins from Polygala tenuifolia in different periods(3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)were determined,and the content changes of the saponins from Polygala tenuifolia were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and the relationship among them was explored.The results of this study can provide experimental basis for the harvest time of Polygala,and also provide theoretical guidance for the development and utilization of Polygala.By observing the cross section microstructure of polygala root with optical microscope,it can be found that: polygala root is composed of periderm and vascular tissue,periderm includes cork layer,cork forming layer and cork inner layer;vascular tissue can form secondary xylem and secondary phloem.With the increase of months,the number of cortex changed from 3-5 layers to 8-9 layers;there were few sieve tubes and companion cells in the secondary phloem;there were obvious wood rays in the secondary xylem,and the vessels arranged orderly.The area ratio of secondary xylem in secondary phloem is increasing,and the accumulation near vascular cambium is the most in September and October.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the key enzyme activities in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins from Polygalatenuifolia.The results showed that: the activity of HMGD first decreased and then increased;the activity of DXR increased first and then decreased in July;the activity of DXR reached the highest in July;the activity of squalene epoxidase(SE)decreased first and then increased.In August,SE activity reached the highest level.The activity of cytochrome oxidase(CYP450)decreased first and then increased.In July,CYP450 activity reached the highest level.Therefore,the content of triterpenoid saponins from Polygala tenuifolia is the most active in July and August.The results showed that the contents of the two groups from March to October were: 4.840,3.850,6.070,6.870,13.760,9.410,13.080,18.210,14.630(unit: Mg · g-1),only in October,the content of Polygala tenuifolia saponin was significantly higher than that of the control group.The content of Polygala tenuifolia saponin had been increasing from March to September,and reached the highest level in October.It can be seen that the growth of Polygala tenuifolia in this area was better.During the growth and development of Polygala tenuifolia roots,by observing the microstructure of the roots,determining the key enzyme activity in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins and the content of Polygala tenuifolia saponins,it was found that there was a correlation between the three,and the interaction between them made the quality of Polygala tenuifolia reach a good level in October.At the same time,it can provide experimental basis for the efficient development and better utilization of Polygala.