| Alpine meadow is the main ecosystem of the Three-River Source Region and an important base for grassland animal husbandry,and is an ecological barrier for national ecological environment security and regional sustainable development.Due to natural and human factors,some alpine meadows have been degraded.Overgrazing and seasonal imbalances are the main causes of alpine meadow degradation.This study randomly selected 80 herders in Maqin County to investigate their grazing meadow types,distribution and utilization characteristics,and livestock feeding and supplementary feeding,clarifing the utilization and overload types of grazing grassland in the area,and taking typical herders as examples,which provides a reference for effectively alleviating the forage supply seasonal imbalance and promoting the sustainable use and virtuous cycle of grassland ecosystems.The grassland plot survey method,rough nutrient analysis method,and in vitro gas production method were used to explore the natural forage yield,nutrition supply potential,and energy value of the forage under different herder grazing meadow.And estimate amount and nutrient carrying capacity(digestible protein carrying capacity and metabolic energy carrying capacity)of grazing meadow;Based on the analysis of the existing grazing pattern,the grassland-livestock optimization configuration was carried out by the beginning of the growing season.The main findings are as follows:(1)Through literature inquiry and survey of 80 herders in Maqin County,it was found that grazing grassland overloads have four types in the area,and four representative herders were selected to estimate their seasonal grazing meadow carrying capacity.It was further verified that the four types of grazing meadow overload,we found that all herders were not overloaded with metabolizable energy(ME)for the entire year and digestible crude protein(DCP)was overloaded in cold season grazing meadow,whereas there were differences in the carrying capacity of seasonal grazing meadows for the different herds.The overload types were annual overloading(herd A),overloaded in warm season(herd B),overloaded in cold season(herd C),and not overloaded(herd D).(2)The content of crude protein,ether extract,ash,and soluble sugar of forage in warm season grazing meadow are significantly higher than that of forage in cold season grazing meadow;while forage neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in warm season grazing meadow are significantly lower than that of forage in cold season grazing meadow.(3)The in vitro gas production parameters indicate that the rumen environment is suitable for the normal growth of rumen microorganisms.After 48 hours of cultivation,the gas production rate of the forage tends to be gentle.Energy value and organic matter degradation rate of forage in warm season grazing meadow are significantly higher than that of forage in cold season grazing meadow.(4)After optimized allocation of grassland resources,it was found that the grazing area of four herders was 1.7 hm~2,2.2 hm~2,2.3 hm~2 and 2.7 hm~2 during the beginning of the growing season,respectively.Resting grazing during the beginning of the growing season can increase the amount and nutrient carrying capacity of cold season grazing meadow.Compared with the previous grazing mode,the amount carrying capacity of herders A,B,C,and D has increased by 20,36,28,and 43sheep units,respectively,the digestible crude protein carrying capacity has increased by 19,31,23,and 40 sheep units,respectively,and the metabolic energy carrying capacity has increased by 27,45,44,and 61 sheep units,respectively.Based on the calculation of the cost of cultivated grassland and the increase in the amount carrying capacity of grazing meadow under the beginning of the growing season.The economic benefits of four herders increased by 6.4%,13.6%,7.5%and 14.2%,respectively. |
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