Spatial Distribution Of Tundra And Alpine Grassland And Influencing Factors On Herdsmen’s Livestock Scale

The tundra and alpine grassland is the grassland group with the largest area and annual carbon sink potential in China,and its ecological status is very important.Studying its spatial distribution and analyzing the factors affecting the scale of livestock breeding on this type of grassland will guide herders to graze reasonably and curb grassland degradation.It is of great significance to ensure China’s ecological security.Qinghai is located on the roof of the world and is known as the"Chinese Water Tower".It is a typical ecologically fragile area.It is also the main distribution area of tundra and alpine grassland in China.In this study,the spatial distribution characteristics of existing tundra and alpine grassland were analyzed based on IGBP land cover classification data.On this basis,based on the data of herdsmen surveyed in Qinghai,the principal component analysis method was used to identify the contribution rate of relevant factors to the livestock production of herdsmen,and f further use quantile regression to analyze the influencing factors and affecting laws of livestock breeding volume of different scale herders,and draw the following conclusions:(1)The maximum spatial distribution area of tundra alpine grassland is 1.5089million km~2.Qinghai Province has a tundra alpine grassland area of 448,800 km~2,accounting for 29.69%of the national tundra alpine grassland area.(2)The most dominant influencing factors for livestock farming by tundra and alpine grassland herders are natural factors,followed by policy factors,education factors,and non-grazing factors.The contribution rate of natural factors is 36.27%,with the highest contribution from altitude(0.9533),and the contributions from humidity K(0.9457),annual accumulated temperature(-0.9371),and annual precipitation(0.8941)decrease in turn.The contribution rates of policy factors,education factors,and non-pastoral factors are 15.01%,11.91%,and 10.45%,respectively.The contribution representatives are the grassland bonus amount(0.7392),the education level of the head of household(0.8510),and the proportion of non-pastoral employment income(0.8537).(3)The livestock breeding volume of the herdsmen below the medium scale is significantly affected by the proportion of family labor and non-pastoral employment income.At the 0.1 quantile,for every 1%increase in the proportion of non-pastoral employment income,the livestock production of herdsmen will decrease by 2.97%;at the 0.25 quantile,for every increase in the family labor force,the livestock production of herdsmen will increase by 18.34%.(4)The livestock breeding volume of the herdsmen of medium and above size is significantly affected by the per capita area of grasslands and the grassland supplement policy,grazing ban can achieve the goal of protecting grassland ecology more than grass and animal balance.At the quintiles of 0.5 and 0.75,for every increase of 1 hectare of grassland per capita,the livestock breeding volume of herdsmen will increase by 0.62%and 0.66%respectively;for every 1,000 yuan of grazing prohibition subsidy,the livestock breeding volume of herdsmen will decrease by 2.68%And 2.47%,and for every 1,000 yuan increase in grass-livestock balance rewards,the livestock breeding volume of herdsmen will increase by 3.69%and2.50%,respectively.Based on the above conclusions,this study makes the following suggestions:(1)Increase non-pastoral employment opportunities in pastoral areas,actively guide pastoralists of medium and below scale to participate in non-pastoral employment,and reduce grassland grazing pressure.To strengthen employment skills training,the training content should not only consider the herders’actual learning ability,but also target the labor market with actual needs.Development and development of secondary and tertiary industries with ethnic characteristics in line with regional advantages,and the transfer of labor force in the local area.(2)Relying on ecological protection subsidy and reward policy,increase the range of grazing prohibition on tundra and alpine grassland,and make appropriate tilts to the herdsmen of medium size and above in terms of compensation standards.The current grassland replenishment policy is mainly to implement differentiation among regions.When formulating a new replenishment policy,grassland types and pastoralist heterogeneity should be taken into consideration on the basis of regional differences.And the range of grazing in the alpine tundra and grassland should be increased,and in the compensation standards,make appropriate tilts to the herdsmen of medium size and above.