Study On The Occurrence Factors And Control Of Wheat Stem-based Rot In Henan Province

In recent years,Fusarium pseudograminearum has occurred in Henan,Shandong,Shandong,Anhui,Jiangsu and other major wheat producing provinces,especially in most areas of Henan Province.It has become a new problem in production and management of Henan Province.In this experiment,the effects of soil types and Fusarium pseudograminearum on the occurrence of wheat stem-based rot were studied,and the disaster mechanism of wheat stem-based rot in Henan Province was preliminarily clarified.Fusarium pseudograminearum was selected as the target bacteria,and the biocontrol strains and chemical agents against wheat stem-based rot were screened out and tested in the field.The main results were as follows:(1)Through investigating the incidence rate and disease index of wheat in saline alkali soil and sandy loam and loam soil,the disease index of wheat stalk rot in saline alkali soil during the five growth stages of returning to green stage,jointing stage,booting stage,flowering stage and maturity stage was higher than that of sand stalk loam and loam soil with longer stalk rot index of 2.16,4.25,6.47,7.81 and 8.19,2.02,3.86,respectively.6.24,7.55 and 8.02.The results showed that the more the population of rhizosphere soil fungi,the more serious the occurrence of wheat stem rot.(2)The crude toxin of Fusarium pseudograminearum has a strong inhibitory effect on the normal growth and development of seedlings,especially on wheat resistant varieties.With the increase of the concentration of toxin solution,its germination potential,germination rate,germination index,vigor index and seedling growth all show a downward trend.(3)29 antagonistic bacteria strains were screened from the rhizosphere soil of wheat,including 17 antagonistic bacteria and 12 antagonistic actinomycetes.The results showed that RB-15,RB-17,RB-9 and RB-10 had better antagonistic activity against Fusarium pseudograminearum,and the inhibition rates were 61.1%,60.7%,56.3% and 56.3%,respectively.The antagonistic activity of 12 Soil Rhizosphere actinomycetes was tested.The results showed that RA-3 and RA-10 had better antagonistic activity against Fusarium pseudograminearum,and the inhibition rates were 50.6% and 47.5%respectively.The antagonistic activities of 13 endophytic fungi were tested.The results showed that the strains EF-1 and EF-7 had better antagonistic effects on Fusarium pseudograminearum,and the inhibition rates were 52.9% and 47.0%,respectively.Antagonistic activity of 18 endophytic bacteria in wheat stem,the results showed that EB-17 and EB-12 had a little better antagonistic effect on Fusarium pseudograminearum,and the inhibition rates were 58.7% and 47.5%,respectively.The antagonistic activity of 15 Endophytic Actinomycetes from wheat stem was determined,the results showed that the strains EA-10,EA-13 and EA-14 had a little better antagonistic effect on Fusarium pseudograminearum,and the inhibition rates were 52.8%,52.3% and 52.2%,respectively.(4)The control effects of different fungicides on wheat stem rot were significantly different.According to table 27,50% carbendazim,12.5% epoxiconazole,25% tebuconazole and 3%Difenoconazole were the best,with the control effects of 90.93%,78.05%,75.64% and 73.36%respectively,reaching a very significant level compared with other treatments.