| Protected vegetable substrate cultivation with agricultural and forestry wastes as the main raw materials has the advantages of low cost and simple management,which is the main soilless cultivation form suitable for the development of facility vegetable in China.However,poor ventilation often occurs in the medium and late growth of facility vegetable substrate,which affects the growth of plants and their fruit yield and quality.Therefore,in this experiment,tomato was used as the test material and bag-culture method was adopted.The formula of cow manure matrix with 61% aerated porosity and the formula of needle mushroom slag matrix with 83% aerated porosity were selected as the test material,and the effects of matrix stratification with different porosity on the growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato plants in bag-culture in solar greenhouse were studied.The layered matrix treatment was as follows: CM treatment: the formula of cow manure matrix on the upper layer of the matrix bag,and the formula of flammulina velutifolia cinder matrix on the lower layer of the matrix bag;Treatment MC: matrix formula for the upper layer of the matrix bag with flammulina velutifolia cinder and the lower layer with cow manure;At the same time,a single matrix formula was used as the control in this experiment: CKC: a single cow manure matrix formula was used;CKM: single recipe with flammulina velutipes residue matrix;CKY: eckmeiser coconut bran strip.Through the matrix physical and chemical properties,as well as the analysis of the tomato plant growth and nutrient absorption effect,clear different cultivation matrix porosity hierarchical processing within the matrix on air permeability,the influence of filter is suitable for the best tomato bag cultivation matrix formula for the standardized development of greenhouse tomato soilless culture matrix technology to provide theoretical and technical guidance.The main findings are as follows:1.The effect of stratified substrate treatment on the growth of plants aboveground: stratified treatment CM(substrate bag upper layer cow dung substrate formula,substrate bag lower Flammulina velutipes substrate formula)on tomato plant growth(plant stem thickness,leaf area and biomass accumulation,etc.)There are different degrees of promotion,specifically: the layered treatment of CM plants has the largest stem thickness before the pinch,which is significantly increased by 17.4% ~ 18.9% compared with other treatments;there is no significant difference in the leaf area of CM treatment and M treatment.Significantly higher than other treatments,the leaf area increased by 7.1% ~ 11.4%;layered treatment CM promoted the accumulation of dry matter,and at the same time,improved the root-to-root ratio of the plant,no significant difference from the treatment M,significant Higher than other treatments.2.The effect of stratified substrate treatment on the growth of plants below ground: stratified treatment CM promoted the root development of plants to a certain extent,the number of root hairs,total root length and root volume of CM treatment were significantly higher than other treatments,which were increased by13.02% ~ 85.6%,20.43% ~ 49.97%,and 13.35% ~ 77.70%.The root vigor of the upper,middle and lower parts of the roots treated with CM was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The root tip vitality of CM treatment was significantly increased by 25.99%,13.89%,117.10% compared to MC,CKC,CKM and CKY.,300.96%.3.The effect of layered substrate treatment on the physical and chemical properties of the substrate during the cultivation process: the nutrient content of layered substrate treatment CM showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the extension of the growth period.At the same time,layering treatment of Flammulina velutipes under the CM substrate bag The matrix formula breathability and the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium in the matrix are always significantly higher than the cow dung matrix formula on the upper layer of the matrix bag.Among them,alkali-decomposed nitrogen increased by 18.9%,available phosphorus increased by 4.6%,available potassium increased by 10.0%,water-soluble calcium increased by 21.7% and water-soluble magnesium increased by 36.0%.4.Effect of substrate layering treatment on plant fruit yield: When the fifth ear is ripe,the average single fruit weight and the plot yield of the CM treatment are 0.18 kg and 127.86 kg,respectively.The plot yield is better than treatment MC,treatment CKC,treatment CKM and treatment CKY They were higher than 8.9%~20.0% respectively.At the same time,the sugaracid ratio of CM treatment was the highest,and there was no significant difference from treatment Y,which was significantly higher than treatment MC,treatment CKC and treatment M.Conclusion: under the conditions of this experiment,when planting tomatoes in the substrate bag,choosing the matrix formula of flammulina velutipes slag in the lower layer and the combination of cow manure matrix formula in the upper layer can effectively improve the ventilation of the cultivation substrate and increase the yield of tomato fruits. |
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