| Background: The process of population aging in China is getting faster and faster.At the end of 2017,China’s elderly population exceeded 230 million,accounting for 16.7% of the total population.As the population ages,the health status of older people is receiving increasing attention.Improving the physical and mental health of the elderly,improving the social integration of the elderly and alleviating depression and dementia in the elderly require the coordination and cooperation of the government,society,communities,families and individuals,deepening the social resources and increasing the social participation of the elderly and building multiple social support systems for the elderly.How to do that? The research on social capital theory in recent years has provided new ideas for us to solve these problems.Objective: Through the assessment of the multidimensional health of the elderly in Anhui Province,we can find out the effect of social capital on multidimensional health and its influencing factors,and further explore the comprehensive development and utilization of social capital.In order to effectively improve the quality of life of the elderly and improve their independent living ability,cost-effective and healthy aging model to provide a theoretical basis and practical basis.Methods: Based on the literature review and expert discussion,this study develops a questionnaire.According to the economic level and geographical distribution,3 counties and 6 counties(cities and districts)in Anhui Province were selected as the survey site.From July to September 2017,1810 elderly people in Anhui Province were surveyed.Data collection is completed,the use of EpiData3.1 software input data and the establishment of a database using AMOS21.0 and SPSS16.0 software for statistical analysis of the data.Results:(1)A total of 1810 elderly people were surveyed in this study,including 770 males and 1040 females,the youngest 60 years old and the oldest 96 years old.There are 801 urban dwellings(44.3%)and 1009 rural dwellings(55.7%).With 1297 people,accounting for 71.66%,married or cohabited 1402 people,accounting for 77.5%,widowed 389 people,accounting for 21.5%;1291 people with primary school education and below,accounting for 71.3%,With 291 students of junior high school education,accounting for 16.1% of the total,and 163 students of high school / technical secondary school,accounting for 9.0% of the total,and 65 students having tertiary education and above,accounting for 3.6% of the total.(2)The results of this study show that the social capital questionnaire has a good reliability and validity.The social participation of the elderly in Anhui Province is low,and scores in other dimensions are acceptable.Second,except for the dimension of social connection,there is no statistical difference among the three cities.The other five dimensions have statistical differences among the three cities.(3)Among the 1810 survey respondents,the self-perceived health rate was 27.7%,physical health rate was 45%,ADL rate was 57%,mental health rate was 49.2%,cognitive health rate was 49.7%,good economic rate was 29.3% and social resources rate was 27.8%.(4)Self-perceived health,self-perceived health status of high-level social capital is 4.11 times that of low-level social capital self-perceived health,self-perceived health of urban hukou and junior high school or above culture is better,and the older,the worse the self-perceived health.In terms of physical health,elderly people with high levels of social capital,urban hukou,junior high school and above,and non-drinkers have better physical health status.The older the worse their physical health status is.In terms of daily activities,female,older,living alone investigators had significantly worse ADL.ADLs from urban hukou,higher literacy,non-smokers,tend to be better.Social capital has a significant correlation with ADL.The higher the level of social capital,the better the ADL(OR = 1.30,95% CI: 1.04-1.60).Mental health: the educational level and the level of mental health of the investigators have a positive correlation.Investigators with high levels of social capital are 5.73 times more likely to have mental health than those with low levels of social capital(P <0.001).Cognitive function: urban hukou,higher education,non-alcoholic investigators better cognitive function.Social capital has a significant positive effect on cognitive function.The higher the social capital level,the better the cognitive function(OR = 2.75,95% CI: 2.16-3.52).Economic status: people who are male,obese body size,urban,married / cohabitated,higher education are in better financial condition.High levels of social capital also have a significant positive impact on economic conditions.The higher the level of social capital,the better the economy(OR = 2.88,95% CI: 2.25-3.69).Social Resource Status: Social status is better for people with normal body weight or obesity,urban hukou,married / living together,and those with a higher level of education.Social capital has a significant positive impact on the status of social resources.The higher the level of social capital,the better social resources(OR = 2.35,95% CI: 1.85-2.99).Conclusion:(1)The social capital questionnaire used in this study includes six dimensions: social participation,social support,social connection,trust,belonging and reciprocity,which has good reliability and validity.(2)The results of this study show that the social participation of the elderly in Anhui Province is low,and scores in other dimensions are acceptable.Second,except for the dimension of social connection,there is no statistical difference among the three cities.The other five dimensions have statistical differences among the three cities.(3)Among the 1810 survey respondents,the self-perceived health rate was 27.7%,physical health rate was 45%,ADL rate was 57%,mental health rate was 49.2%,cognitive health rate was 49.7%,good economic rate was 29.3% and social resources rate was 27.8%.(4)Social capital has a significant positive correlation with multidimensional health.The social capital of the elderly should be enriched and nurtured,and the stock of social capital should be enhanced so as to promote healthy aging. |
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