Development Of A Novel Sticky Trap And Evaluation Of Its Effectiveness On Aedes Albopictus

BackgroundAs a blood-sucking insect,mosquitoes can transmit a variety of diseases.At present,it can be proved the main vector-borne diseases including:Malaria,Dengue fever,Zika virus disease,Epidemic encephalitis,Chikungunya Fever etc.In recent years,due to changes in the climate and the natural environment,vector-borne infectious diseases have become more prevalent,and the epidemic areas have also expanded.Vector-borne diseases,which used to occur only in the tropics,are now also frequently found in subtropical and even temperate regions.The epidemic of dengue fever in the world has affected China.In 2014,a large-scale dengue epidemic broke out in Guangzhou.It was the largest ever recorded in this province.The total number of cases reached 45,190 and affected more than 20 cities in the province.It has brought great influence on the health,life and production of the people.Aedes albopictus is the major vector of dengue fever in China.Aedes albopictus,commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito,is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world.Aedes albopictus breeds in the settlements in and around,and its larvae bred in artificial habitats in urban.Eradication control of Aedes albopictus is an effective measure to prevent dengue fever and other vector-borne diseases.At present,environmental governance is the main mosquito control strategy,clearing nature and artificial habitats.Indoor control of mosquitoes is mostly sprayed with insecticides,mosquito coils,mosquito swatter,mosquito lamp,smearing mosquito repellent products,etc.However,there are many problems with these products.Indoor use of insecticides and mosquito coils,if the indoor ventilation is not smooth,it will cause harm to humans,and it is prone to dizziness,nausea,and other symptoms.Common repellents include DEET,Picaridin and Dimethyl phthalate,which can achieve good repellent effect.But should avoid skin and wounds or could cause skin allergies.On the other way,the methods of indoor use are mostly mosquito repellents,the chance of being bitten by mosquitoes is avoided to a certain extent,however there is no reduction in the number of indoor mosquitoes,or there will still have risk of being bitten by mosquitoes.There is currently a lack of a safe and effective indoor mosquito trap.Base on mosquito-ovitrap,we made a novel sticky trap,and added efficient mosquito attractants.The device has the characteristics of attracting and killing mosquitoes at the same time,then evaluate its effect.ObjectiveDengue fever mainly depends on vector mosquitoes.Therefore,taking effective mosquito vector control measures in time is an important means to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of dengue fever.Based on the ecological habits of Aedes albopictus and the characteristics of blood-sucking and oviposition,this study designed and developed a device that has the characteristics of attracting and killing mosquitoes,then evaluated the trapping of the mosquito traps under laboratory,semi-field and field environmental conditions.And explore the role and prospects in mosquito control.Methods1.The outline of sticky trap designBased on the behavior of Aedes albopictus,designed an instrument with both mosquito attracting and killing characteristics.1.1 The device has a transparent body and a black cover.It attracts mosquitoes using visual effects,depending on the mosquitoes’ habit of inhabiting in a dark,hidden environment.The mosquito with three apertures opening at the bottom and the bottom of the bottle form an air flow in the interior of the device.Helps volatile attractant,and improve attracting effect.1.2 The attractant can simulate the volatile odor of the human and induce the mosquito to fly towards to the specific odor,attracting mosquitoes into the device.1.3 The bottom can store 50ml of tap water,which can attract male and female mosquitoes.1.4 The viscose makes the mosquito stick to the pasteboard and kill it.2.Sticky trap componentsThe trap is mainly composed of a water container,a viscose and attractant.①The water holding device is a transparent bottle with a height of 85mm and an inner diameter of 98mm.There are 3 feet with a height of 5mm underneath.The black cover is matched with the cup body.The lid has a mosquito trapezoid which protrudes inward.The bottom of the device is designed with an inner diameter of 26mm pedestal type protrusion,three holes with a diameter of 0.5mm corresponding to the top cover of the device are designed on the upper plane of the protrusion.②The viscose is cut into 280 mm long and 55 mm wide,rolled back into a tube and placed on the inner wall.③The attractants simulate the human odor.3.The effect of sticky trap3.1 Under laboratory conditions,the sticky traps and ovitraps were placed in mosquito nets at the same time,then placed in Aedes albopictus,observed for 24 hours,collected mosquitoes,calculate the number of mosquitoes,compare with two types of mosquito traps3.2 Comparing the efficient attractants with common attractants3.3The semi-field experiment was conducted from April to August 2017.The sticky traps and ovitraps were placed at the same time in the semi-site.Afterwards,Aedes albopictus was placed.After 24 hours of observation,calculate the number of mosquitoes.Compare with two types of mosquito traps.3.4 The field experiment was conducted from July to December 2017.A room with a size about 12 square meters was selected,and observed for 72 hours to count the number of mosquitoes captured.Results1.Laboratory conditionThe sticky traps with attractants average trapped 44.06±2.33mosquitoes,and sticky traps without attractants average trapped 16.39±1.12 mosquito.The ovitraps average traps 12.5±1.55 mosquito.The difference was statistically significant that the number of mosqutioes trapped in different divices(P<0.05).2.Attractants contrast testThe traps with attractants were the best for attacting mosquitoes,and the number of mosquito traps was about 3.5 times that in ovitraps.The effective mosquito attractants is better than BG-lure,natural environmental attractants produced by Taiwan,and Maxttrac.3.Semi-Field conditionThe experimental results show that in the semi-field environment,the average number of mosquitoes trapped in the sticky trap is 19.11±2.57,and the number of mosquito traps in the ovitrap is 5.56±2.65,the difference was statistically significant(t= 1.012,P<0.001)..The number of mosquitoes trapped by the sticky trap is about three times then that in ovitrap.4.Field conditionThe experimental results show that,in the indoor environment,the mosquito sticky trap can trap 7.5 Aedes albopictus and 4.125 Culex on average,and ovitrap only trap 3 Aedes albopictus and 0.5 Culex on average,the difference was statistically significant(t-test,all P<0.001).The sticky trap can not only trap Aedes mosquitoes,but also trap Culex mosquitoes under normal indoor environment.At the same time,the trapping effect is better than that in the Mosquito Ovitrap.For other types of insects,both devices were not good in trapping,and the difference was not statistically significant(t=1.717,P=0.117).Conclusions1.Laboratory and semi-field results show that the sticky trap has a higher trapping effect on Aedes mosquitoes than ovitrap.2.The efficient mosquito attractants have a better effect of attracting mosquitoes than other attractants.3.The sticky trap combined with an efficient attractant can increase the trapping efficiency of mosquitoes,while design lightweight and easy to use.It can be used as a new indoor mosquito trapping tool.4.Through field experimental data analysis,it was found that the sticky trap can trap Aedes albopictus efficiently,as well as Culex and other insects.Compared with the number of mosquitoes trapped by ovitraps,the difference was statistically significant.